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ST6208C/ST6209C ST6210C/ST6220C
8-BIT MCUs WITH A/D CONVERTER, TWO TIMERS, OSCILLATOR SAFEGUARD & SAFE RESET
s
s
s
s
s
s
Memories - 1K, 2K or 4K bytes Program memory (OTP, EPROM, FASTROM or ROM) with read-out protection - 64 bytes RAM Clock, Reset and Supply Management - Enhanced reset system - Low Voltage Detector (LVD) for Safe Reset - Clock sources: crystal/ceramic resonator or RC network, external clock, backup oscillator (LFAO) - Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) - 2 Power Saving Modes: Wait and Stop Interrupt Management - 4 interrupt vectors plus NMI and RESET - 12 external interrupt lines (on 2 vectors) 12 I/O Ports - 12 multifunctional bidirectional I/O lines - 8 alternate function lines - 4 high sink outputs (20mA) 2 Timers - Configurable watchdog timer - 8-bit timer/counter with a 7-bit prescaler 1 Analog peripheral - 8-bit ADC with 8 input channels (except on ST6208C)
PDIP20
SO20
SSOP20
CDIP20W
(See Section 12.5 for Ordering Information)
s
s
Instruction Set - 8-bit data manipulation - 40 basic instructions - 9 addressing modes - Bit manipulation Development Tools - Full hardware/software development package
Device Summary
Features Program memory - bytes RAM - bytes Operating Supply Analog Inputs Clock Frequency Operating Temperature Packages PDIP20/SO20/SSOP20 ST62T08C(OTP)/ ST62T09C(OTP)/ ST62T10C(OTP)/ ST62T20C(OTP) ST62E20C(EPROM) ST6208C(ROM) ST6209C (ROM) ST6210C (ROM) ST6220C(ROM) ST62P08C(FASTROM) ST62P09C(FASTROM) ST62P10C(FASTROM) ST62P20C(FASTROM)
1K
2K 64 3.0V to 6V
4K
4
8MHz Max -40C to +125C
8
PDIP20/SO20
CDIP20W
Rev. 3.0
June 2000 1/105
1
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 PIN DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 MEMORY MAPS, PROGRAMMING MODES AND OPTION BYTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 MEMORY AND REGISTER MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1.2 Program Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.3 Readout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.4 Data Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.5 Stack Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.6 Data ROM Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 PROGRAMMING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.1 Program Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.2.2 EPROM Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.3 OPTION BYTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2 4.3 MAIN FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 CPU REGISTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 CLOCKS, SUPPLY AND RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.1 CLOCK SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.1.1 Main Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.3 Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.4 Register Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR (LVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.2 RESET sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.3 RESET Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.4 Watchdog Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.5 LVD Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 21 22 22 23 24 24 24 25 26 26
6 INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6.1 INTERRUPT RULES AND PRIORITY MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.2 INTERRUPTS AND LOW POWER MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.3 6.4 6.5 NON MASKABLE INTERRUPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 PERIPHERAL INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS (I/O PORTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.5.1 Notes on using External Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.6 INTERRUPT HANDLING PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.7 6.6.1 Interrupt Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 REGISTER DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 105
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7 POWER SAVING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7.2 WAIT MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7.3 7.4 STOP MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 NOTES RELATED TO WAIT AND STOP MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.1 Exit from Wait and Stop Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.2 Recommended MCU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8 I/O PORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2.1 Digital input modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2.2 Analog inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2.3 Output modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2.4 Alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8.2.5 Instructions NOT to be used to access Port Data registers (SET, RES, INC and DEC) 39 8.2.6 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 8.3 LOW POWER MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 8.4 8.5 INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 REGISTER DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 46 46 46 47 48 50 50 51 52 52 52 53 54 55 55 55
9 ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 WATCHDOG TIMER (WDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.2 Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.3 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.4 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.5 Low Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.7 Register Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 8-BIT TIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.3 A/D 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.3.5 9.3.6 9.3.7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counter/Prescaler Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Register Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONVERTER (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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10 INSTRUCTION SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10.1 ST6 ARCHITECTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10.2 ADDRESSING MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 10.3 INSTRUCTION SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11.1 PARAMETER CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11.1.1Minimum and Maximum values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.2Typical values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.3Typical curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.4Loading capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.5Pin input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.1Voltage Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.2Current Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2.3Thermal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 64
11.3.1General Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 11.3.2Operating Conditions with Low Voltage Detector (LVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 11.4 SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11.4.1RUN Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.2WAIT Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.3STOP Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.4Supply and Clock System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4.5On-Chip Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 CLOCK AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.1General Timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.2External Clock Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.3Crystal and Ceramic Resonator Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.4RC Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5.5Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) and Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) . . . . . 11.6 MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 67 70 71 71 72 72 72 73 74 75 76
11.6.1RAM and Hardware Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 11.6.2EPROM Program Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 11.7 EMC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 11.7.1Functional EMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7.2Absolute Electrical Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7.3ESD Pin Protection Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 I/O PORT PIN CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8.1General Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8.2Output Driving Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 CONTROL PIN CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 78 80 81 81 82 85
11.9.1Asynchronous RESET Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 11.9.2NMI Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 105
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11.10 TIMER PERIPHERAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 11.10.1Watchdog Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 11.10.28-Bit Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 11.11 8-BIT ADC CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 12 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 12.1 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 12.2 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 12.3 SOLDERING AND GLUEABILITY INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 12.4 PACKAGE/SOCKET FOOTPRINT PROPOSAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 12.5 ORDERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 12.6 TRANSFER OF CUSTOMER CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 12.6.1FASTROM version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 12.6.2ROM VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 13 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 14 ST6 APPLICATION NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 15 SUMMARY OF CHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 16 TO GET MORE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
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1 INTRODUCTION
The ST6208C, 09C, 10C and 20C devices are low cost members of the ST62xx 8-bit HCMOS family of microcontrollers, which is targeted at low to medium complexity applications. All ST62xx devices are based on a building block approach: a common core is surrounded by a number of on-chip peripherals. The ST62E20C is the erasable EPROM version of the ST62T08C, T09C, T10C and T20C devices, which may be used during the development phase for the ST62T08C, T09C, T10C and T20C target devices, as well as the respective ST6208C, 09C, 10C and 20C ROM devices. OTP and EPROM devices are functionally identical. OTP devices offer all the advantages of user programmability at low cost, which make them the ideal choice in a wide range of applications where frequent code changes, multiple code versions or last minute programmability are required. The ROM based versions offer the same functionality, selecting the options defined in the programFigure 1. Block Diagram
8-BIT * A/D CONVERTE R
mable option bytes of the OTP/EPROM versions in the ROM option list (See Section 12.6 on page 96). The ST62P08C/P09C/P10C/P20C are the Factory Advanced Service Technique ROM (FASTROM) versions of ST62T08C, T09C, T10C and T20C OTP devices. They offer the same functionality as OTP devices, but they do not have to be programmed by the customer (See Section 12 on page 90). These compact low-cost devices feature a Timer comprising an 8-bit counter with a 7-bit programmable prescaler, an 8-bit A/D Converter with up to 8 analog inputs (depending on device) and a Digital Watchdog timer, making them well suited for a wide range of automotive, appliance and industrial applications. For easy reference, all parametric data are located in Section 11 on page 62.
TEST/ VPP NMI
TEST INTERRUPTS
PORT A
PA0..PA3 (20mA Sink)
PORT B PROGRAM : MEMORY (1K, 2K or 4K Bytes) DATA ROM USER SELECTABLE DATA RAM 64 Bytes TIMER
PB0..PB7 / Ain*
TIMER
PC STAC K LEVEL 1 STAC K LEVEL 2 STAC K LEVEL 3 STAC K LEVEL 4 STAC K LEVEL 5 STAC K LEVEL 6 POWE R SUPPLY OSCILLATOR RESET 8-BIT CORE
WATCHDOG TIMER
VDD VSS
OSCin OSCout
RESET
* Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
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2 PIN DESCRIPTION
Figure 2. 20-Pin Package Pinout
VDD TIMER OSCin OSCout NMI VPP/TEST RESET Ain*/PB7 Ain*/PB6 Ain*/PB5
itX associated interrupt vector * Depending on device. See device summary on page 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 it2 10
20 19 it1 18 17 16 15 14 it2 13 12 11
VSS PA0/20mA Sink PA1/20mA Sink PA2/20mA Sink PA3/20mA Sink PB0/Ain* PB1/Ain* PB2/Ain* PB3/Ain* PB4/Ain*
Table 1. Device Pin Description
Type Pin n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 V DD
TIMER
Pin Name
Main Function (after Reset) Main power supply Timer input or output External clock input or resonator oscillator inverter input
Alternate Function
S I/O I O I
OSCin OSCout NMI V PP/TEST RESET PB7/Ain* PB6/Ain* PB5/Ain* PB4/Ain* PB3/Ain* PB2/Ain* PB1/Ain* PB0/Ain* PA3/ 20mA Sink PA2/ 20mA Sink PA1/ 20mA Sink
Resonator oscillator inverter output or resistor input for RC oscillator Non maskable interrupt (falling edge sensitive) Must be held at Vss for normal operation, if a 12.5V level is applied to the pin during the reset phase, the device enters EPROM programming mode.
I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O
Top priority non maskable interrupt (active low) Pin B7 (IPU) Pin B6 (IPU) Pin B5 (IPU) Pin B4 (IPU) Pin B3 (IPU) Pin B2 (IPU) Pin B1 (IPU) Pin B0 (IPU) Pin A3 (IPU) Pin A2 (IPU) Pin A1 (IPU) Analog input Analog input Analog input Analog input Analog input Analog input Analog input Analog input
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Type
Pin n 19 20
Pin Name PA0/ 20mA Sink V SS
Main Function (after Reset) Pin A0 (IPU) Ground
Alternate Function
I/O S
Legend / Abbreviations for Table 1: * Depending on device. See device summary on page 1. I = input, O = output, S = supply, IPU = input with pull-up The input with pull-up configuration (reset state) is valid as long as the user software does not change it. Refer to Section 8 "I/O PORTS" on page 37 for more details on the software configuration of the I/O ports.
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3 MEMORY MAPS, PROGRAMMING MODES AND OPTION BYTES
3.1 MEMORY AND REGISTER MAPS 3.1.1 Introduction The MCU operates in three separate memory spaces: Program space, Data space, and Stack space. Operation in these three memory spaces is described in the following paragraphs. Figure 3. Memory Addressing Diagram Briefly, Program space contains user program code in OTP and user vectors; Data space contains user data in RAM and in OTP, and Stack space accommodates six levels of stack for subroutine and interrupt service routine nesting.
PROGRAM SPACE 000h 000h
DATA SPACE
RESERVED
03Fh 040h PROGRAM MEMORY (see Figure 4) DATA ROM WINDOW 07Fh 080h 081h 082h 083h 084h 0BFh 0C0h 0FF0h INTERRUPT & RESET VECTORS 0FFFh 0FFh X REGISTER Y REGISTER V REGISTER W REGISTER RAM HARDWARE CONTROL REGISTERS (see Table 2) ACCUMULATOR
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MEMORY MAP (Cont'd) Figure 4. Program Memory Map
ST6208C, 09C
0000h 0000h
ST6210C
0000h
ST6220C
RESERVED*
07Fh 080h
NOT IMPLEMENTED
NOT IMPLEMENTED
07FFh 0800h
RESERVED *
087Fh 0880h 0AFFh 0B00h 0B9Fh 0BA0h
RESERVED*
USER PROGRAM MEMORY 3872 BYTES USER PROGRAM MEMORY 1824 BYTES
USER PROGRAM MEMORY 1024 BYTES
0F9Fh 0FA0h 0FEFh 0FF0h 0FF7h 0FF8h 0FFBh 0FFCh 0FFDh 0FFEh 0FFFh 0F9Fh 0FA0h 0FEFh 0FF0h 0FF7h 0FF8h 0FFBh 0FFCh 0FFDh 0FFEh 0FFFh
RESERVED
*
RESERVED
*
INTERRUPT VECTORS RESERVED * NMI VECTOR USER RESET VECTOR
INTERRUPT VECTORS RESERVED * NMI VECTOR USER RESET VECTOR
0F9Fh 0FA0h 0FEFh 0FF0h 0FF7h 0FF8h 0FFBh 0FFCh 0FFDh 0FFEh 0FFFh
RESERVED * INTERRUPT VECTORS RESERVED * NMI VECTOR USER RESET VECTOR
(*) Reserved areas should be filled with 0FFh
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MEMORY MAP (Cont'd) 3.1.2 Program Space Program Space comprises the instructions to be executed, the data required for immediate addressing mode instructions, the reserved factory test area and the user vectors. Program Space is addressed via the 12-bit Program Counter register (PC register). Thus, the MCU is capable of addressing 4K bytes of memory directly. 3.1.3 Readout Protection The Program Memory in OTP, EPROM or ROM devices can be protected against external readout of memory by setting the Readout Protection bit in the option bytes (Section 3.3 on page 16). In the EPROM parts, Readout Protection option can be desactivated only by U.V. erasure that also results in the whole EPROM context being erased. Note: Once the Readout Protection is activated, it is no longer possible, even for STMicroelectronics, to gain access to the OTP or ROM contents. Returned parts can therefore not be accepted if the Readout Protection bit is set. 3.1.4 Data Space Data Space accommodates all the data necessary for processing the user program. This space comprises the RAM resource, the processor core and peripheral registers, as well as read-only data
such as constants and look-up tables in OTP/ EPROM. 3.1.4.1 Data ROM All read-only data is physically stored in program memory, which also accommodates the Program Space. The program memory consequently contains the program code to be executed, as well as the constants and look-up tables required by the application. The Data Space locations in which the different constants and look-up tables are addressed by the processor core may be thought of as a 64-byte window through which it is possible to access the read-only data stored in OTP/EPROM. 3.1.4.2 Data RAM The data space includes the user RAM area, the accumulator (A), the indirect registers (X), (Y), the short direct registers (V), (W), the I/O port registers, the peripheral data and control registers, the interrupt option register and the Data ROM Window register (DRWR register). 3.1.5 Stack Space Stack space consists of six 12-bit registers which are used to stack subroutine and interrupt return addresses, as well as the current program counter contents.
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MEMORY MAP (Cont'd) Table 2. Hardware Register Map
Address 080h to 083h 0C0h 0C1h 0C2h 0C3h 0C4h 0C5h 0C6h 0C7h 0C8h 0C9h 0CAh 0CBh 0CCh 0CDh 0CEh 0CFh 0D0h 0D1h 0D2h 0D3h 0D4h 0D5h to 0D7h 0D8h 0D9h to 0FEh 0FF CPU A Watchdog Timer WDGR ADC 4) ADR ADCR PSCR TCR TSCR I/O Ports ORA 2) ORB 2) IOR DRWR I/O Ports DDRA 2) DDRB 2) Block Register Label X,Y,V,W DRA 1) 2) 3) DRB 1) 2) 3) Register Name X,Y index registers V,W short direct registers Port A Data Register Port B Data Register Reserved (2 Bytes) Port A Direction Register Port B Direction Register Reserved (2 Bytes) Interrupt Option Register Data ROM Window register Reserved (2 Bytes) Port A Option Register Port B Option Register Reserved (2 bytes) A/D Converter Data Register A/D Converter Control Register Timer 1 Prescaler Register Timer 1 Downcounter Register Timer 1 Status Control Register Reserved (3 Bytes) Watchdog Register Reserved (38 Bytes) Accumulator xxh R/W 0FEh R/W xxh 40h 7Fh 0FFh 00h Read-only Ro/Wo R/W R/W R/W 00h 00h R/W R/W xxh xxh Write-only Write-only 00h 00h R/W R/W Reset Status xxh 00h 00h Remarks
CPU I/O Ports
R/W R/W R/W
Timer1
Legend: x = undefined, R/W = Read/Write, Ro = Read-only Bit(s) in the register, Wo = Write-only Bit(s) in the register. Notes: 1. The contents of the I/O port DR registers are readable only in output configuration. In input configuration, the values of the I/O pins are returned instead of the DR register contents. 2. The bits associated with unavailable pins must always be kept at their reset value. 3. Do not use single-bit instructions (SET, RES...) on Port Data Registers if any pin of the port is configured in input mode (refer to Section 8 "I/O PORTS" on page 37 for more details) 4. Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
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MEMORY MAP (Cont'd) 3.1.6 Data ROM Window The Data read-only memory window is located from address 0040h to address 007Fh in Data space. It allows direct reading of 64 consecutive bytes located anywhere in program memory, between address 0000h and 0FFFh. There are 64 blocks of 64 bytes in a 4K device: - Block 0 is related to the address range 0000h to 003Fh. - Block 1 is related to the address range 0040h to 007Fh. and so on... All the program memory can therefore be used to store either instructions or read-only data. The Data ROM window can be moved in steps of 64 bytes along the program memory by writing the appropriate code in the Data ROM Window Register (DRWR). Figure 5. Data ROM Window
PROGRAM 0000h SPACE 000h DATA SPACE
3.1.6.1 Data ROM Window Register (DRWR) The DRWR can be addressed like any RAM location in the Data Space. This register is used to select the 64-byte block of program memory to be read in the Data ROM window (from address 40h to address 7Fh in Data space). The DRWR register is not cleared on reset, therefore it must be written to before accessing the Data read-only memory window area for the first time. Address: 0C9h -- Write Only Reset Value = xxh (undefined)
7 0 DRWR5 DRWR4 DRWR3 DRWR 2 DRWR1 DRWR0
Bits 6, 7 = Not used. Bit 5:0 = DRWR[5:0] Data read-only memory Window Register Bits. These are the Data read-only memory Window bits that correspond to the upper bits of the data read-only memory space. Caution: This register is undefined on reset, it is write-only, therefore do not read it nor access it using single-bit instructions (SET, RES...).
040h DATA ROM 64-BYTE ROM 07Fh WINDOW
0FFFh
0FFh
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MEMORY MAP (Cont'd) 3.1.6.2 Data ROM Window memory addressing In cases where some data (look-up tables for example) are stored in program memory, reading these data requires the use of the Data ROM window mechanism. To do this: 1. The DRWR register has to be loaded with the 64-byte block number where the data are located (in program memory). This number also gives the start address of the block. 2. Then, the offset address of the byte in the Data ROM Window (corresponding to the offset in the 64-byte block in program memory) has to be loaded in a register (A, X,...). When the above two steps are completed, the data can be read. To understand how to determine the DRWR and the content of the register, please refer to the example shown in Figure 6. In any case the calculaFigure 6. Data ROM Window Memory Addressing
tion is automatically handled by the ST6 development tools. Please refer to the user manual of the correspoding tool. 3.1.6.3 Recommendations Care is required when handling the DRWR register as it is write only. For this reason, the DRWR contents should not be changed while executing an interrupt service routine, as the service routine cannot save and then restore the register's previous contents. If it is impossible to avoid writing to the DRWR during the interrupt service routine, an image of the register must be saved in a RAM location, and each time the program writes to the DRWR, it must also write to the image register. The image register must be written first so that, if an interrupt occurs between the two instructions, the DRWR is not affected.
DATA SPACE PROGRAM SPACE 0000h 000h
040h OFFSET 21h
DATA
061h 07Fh
0400h OFFSET 0421h 64 bytes DATA 10h DRWR
0FFh
07FFh DATA address in Program memory : 421h DRWR content : 421h / 3Fh (64) = 10H data is located in 64-bytes window number 10h 64-byte window start address : 10h x 3Fh = 400h Register (A, X,...)content : Offset = (421h - 400h) + 40h ( Data ROM Window start address in data space) = 61h
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3.2 PROGRAMMING MODES 3.2.1 Program Memory EPROM/OTP programming mode is set by a +12.5V voltage applied to the TEST/VPP pin. The programming flow of the ST62T08C,T09C,T10C, T20C and E20C is described in the User Manual of the EPROM Programming Board. Table 3. ST6208C/09C Program Memory Map
Device Address 0000h-0B9Fh 0BA0h-0F9Fh 0FA0h-0FEFh 0FF0h-0FF7h 0FF8h-0FFBh 0FFCh-0FFDh 0FFEh-0FFF h Description Reserved User ROM Reserved Interrupt Vectors Reserved NMI Interrupt Vector Reset Vector
Table 4. ST6210C Program Memory Map
Device Address 0000h-087Fh 0880h-0F9Fh 0FA0h-0FEFh 0FF0h-0FF7h 0FF8h-0FFBh 0FFCh-0FFDh 0FFEh-0FFF h Description Reserved User ROM Reserved Interrupt Vectors Reserved NMI Interrupt Vector Reset Vector
STMicroelectronics (please refer to Section 13 on page 100). 3.2.2 EPROM Erasing The EPROM devices can be erased by exposure to Ultra Violet light. The characteristics of the MCU are such that erasure begins when the memory is exposed to light with a wave lengths shorter than approximately 4000A. It should be noted that sunlight and some types of fluorescent lamps have wavelengths in the range 3000-4000A. It is thus recommended that the window of the MCU packages be covered by an opaque label to prevent unintentional erasure problems when testing the application in such an environment. The recommended erasure procedure is exposure to short wave ultraviolet light which have a wavelength 2537A. The integrated dose (i.e. U.V. intensity x exposure time) for erasure should be a minimum of 30W-sec/cm2. The erasure time with this dosage is approximately 30 to 40 minutes using an ultraviolet lamp with 12000W/cm 2 power rating. The EPROM device should be placed within 2.5cm (1inch) of the lamp tubes during erasure.
Table 5. ST6220C Program Memory Map
Device Address 0000h-007Fh 0080h-0F9Fh 0FA0h-0FEFh 0FF0h-0FF7h 0FF8h-0FFBh 0FFCh-0FFDh 0FFEh-0FFF h Description Reserved User ROM Reserved Interrupt Vectors Reserved NMI Interrupt Vector Reset Vector
Note: OTP/EPROM devices can be programmed with the development tools available from
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3.3 OPTION BYTES Each device is available for production in user programmable versions (OTP) as well as in factory coded versions (ROM). OTP devices are shipped to customers with a default content (00h), while ROM factory coded parts contain the code supplied by the customer. This implies that OTP devices have to be configured by the customer using the Option Bytes while the ROM devices are factory-configured. The two option bytes allow the hardware configuration of the microcontroller to be selected. The option bytes have no address in the memory map and can be accessed only in programming mode (for example using a standard ST6 programming tool). In masked ROM devices, the option bytes are fixed in hardware by the ROM code (see Section 12.6.2 "ROM VERSION" on page 98). The option bytes can be only programmed once. It is not possible to change the selected options after they have been programmed. MSB OPTION BYTE Bit 15:10 = Reserved, must be always cleared. Bit 9 = EXTCNTL External STOP MODE control. 0: EXTCNTL mode not available. STOP mode is not available with the watchdog active. 1: EXTCNTL mode available. STOP mode is available with the watchdog active by setting NMI pin to one. Bit 8 = LVD Low Voltage Detector on/off. This option bit enable or disable the Low Voltage Detector (LVD) feature. 0: Low Voltage Detector disabled 1: Low Voltage Detector enabled LSB OPTION BYTE Bit 7 = PROTECT Readout Protection. This option bit enables or disables external access to the internal program memory. 0: Program memory not read-out protected 1: Program memory read-out protected Bit 6 = OSC Oscillator selection. This option bit selects the main oscillator type. 0: Quartz crystal, ceramic resonator or external clock 1: RC network Bit 5 = Reserved, must be always cleared. Bit 4 = Reserved, must be always set. Bit 3 = NMI PULL NMI Pull-Up on/off. This option bit enables or disables the internal pullup on the NMI pin. 0: Pull-up disabled 1: Pull-up enabled Bit 2 = TIM PULL TIMER Pull-Up on/off. This option bit enables or disables the internal pullup on the TIMER pin. 0: Pull-up disabled 1: Pull-up enabled Bit 1 = WDACT Hardware or software watchdog. This option bit selects the watchdog type. 0: Software (watchdog to be enabled by software) 1: Hardware (watchdog always enabled) Bit 0 = OSGEN Oscillator Safeguard on/off. This option bit enables or disables the oscillator Safeguard (OSG) feature. 0: Oscillator Safeguard disabled 1: Oscillator Safeguard enabled
LSB OPTION BYTE 8 Reserved Default Value X X X X X X EXT CTL X 7 NMI TIM Res. PULL PULL X X X WD ACT X 0 OSG EN X PROLVD OSC Res. TECT X X X X
MSB OPTION BYTE 15
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4 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
4.1 INTRODUCTION The CPU Core of ST6 devices is independent of the I/O or Memory configuration. As such, it may be thought of as an independent central processor communicating with on-chip I/O, Memory and Peripherals via internal address, data, and control buses. 4.2 MAIN FEATURES
s s s s s s s
40 basic instructions 9 main addressing modes Two 8-bit index registers Two 8-bit short direct registers Low power modes Maskable hardware interrupts 6-level hardware stack
4.3 CPU REGISTERS The ST6 Family CPU core features six registers and three pairs of flags available to the programmer. These are described in the following paragraphs. Accumulator (A). The accumulator is an 8-bit general purpose register used in all arithmetic calculations, logical operations, and data manipulaFigure 7. CPU Registers
7 RESET VALUE = xxh 7 RESET VALUE = xxh 7 RESET VALUE = xxh 7 0 0 0 0
tions. The accumulator can be addressed in Data Space as a RAM location at address FFh. Thus the ST6 can manipulate the accumulator just like any other register in Data Space. Index Registers (X, Y). These two registers are used in Indirect addressing mode as pointers to memory locations in Data Space. They can also be accessed in Direct, Short Direct, or Bit Direct addressing modes. They are mapped in Data Space at addresses 80h (X) and 81h (Y) and can be accessed like any other memory location. Short Direct Registers (V, W). These two registers are used in Short Direct addressing mode. This means that the data stored in V or W can be accessed with a one-byte instruction (four CPU cycles). V and W can also be accessed using Direct and Bit Direct addressing modes. They are mapped in Data Space at addresses 82h (V) and 83h (W) and can be accessed like any other memory location. Note: The X and Y registers can also be used as Short Direct registers in the same way as V and W. Program Counter (PC). The program counter is a 12-bit register which contains the address of the next instruction to be executed by the core. This ROM location may be an opcode, an operand, or the address of an operand.
ACCUMULATOR SIX LEVEL STACK X INDEX REGISTER NORMAL FLAGS Y INDEX REGISTER INTERRUPT FLAGS V SHORT INDIRECT REGISTER RESET VALUE = xxh 7 0 W SHORT INDIRECT REGISTER RESET VALUE = xxh 11 0 x = Undefined value NMI FLAGS CI ZI CN ZN
CNMI ZNMI
PROGRAM COUNTER RESET VALUE = RESET VECTOR @ 0FFEh-0FFFh
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CPU REGISTERS (Cont'd) The 12-bit length allows the direct addressing of 4096 bytes in Program Space. However, if the program space contains more than 4096 bytes, the additional memory in program space can be addressed by using the Program ROM Page register. The PC value is incremented after reading the address of the current instruction. To execute relative jumps, the PC and the offset are shifted through the ALU, where they are added; the result is then shifted back into the PC. The program counter can be changed in the following ways: - JP (Jump) instruction PC = Jump address - CALL instruction PC = Call address - Relative Branch InstructionPC = PC +/- offset - Interrupt PC = Interrupt vector - Reset PC = Reset vector - RET & RETI instructions PC = Pop (stack) - Normal instruction PC = PC + 1 Flags (C, Z). The ST6 CPU includes three pairs of flags (Carry and Zero), each pair being associated with one of the three normal modes of operation: Normal mode, Interrupt mode and Non Maskable Interrupt mode. Each pair consists of a CARRY flag and a ZERO flag. One pair (CN, ZN) is used during Normal operation, another pair is used during Interrupt mode (CI, ZI), and a third pair is used in the Non Maskable Interrupt mode (CNMI, ZNMI). The ST6 CPU uses the pair of flags associated with the current mode: as soon as an interrupt (or a Non Maskable Interrupt) is generated, the ST6 CPU uses the Interrupt flags (or the NMI flags) instead of the Normal flags. When the RETI instruction is executed, the previously used set of flags is restored. It should be noted that each flag set can only be addressed in its own context (Non Maskable Interrupt, Normal Interrupt or Main routine). The flags are not cleared during context switching and thus retain their status. C : Carry flag. This bit is set when a carry or a borrow occurs during arithmetic operations; otherwise it is cleared. The Carry flag is also set to the value of the bit tested in a bit test instruction; it also participates in the rotate left instruction. 0: No carry has occured 1: A carry has occured
Z : Zero flag This flag is set if the result of the last arithmetic or logical operation was equal to zero; otherwise it is cleared. 0: The result of the last operation is different from zero 1: The result of the last operation is zero Switching between the three sets of flags is performed automatically when an NMI, an interrupt or a RETI instruction occurs. As NMI mode is automatically selected after the reset of the MCU, the ST6 core uses the NMI flags first. Stack. The ST6 CPU includes a true LIFO (Last In First Out) hardware stack which eliminates the need for a stack pointer. The stack consists of six separate 12-bit RAM locations that do not belong to the data space RAM area. When a subroutine call (or interrupt request) occurs, the contents of each level are shifted into the next level down, while the content of the PC is shifted into the first level (the original contents of the sixth stack level are lost). When a subroutine or interrupt return occurs (RET or RETI instructions), the first level register is shifted back into the PC and the value of each level is popped back into the previous level. Figure 8. Stack manipulation
PROGRAM COUNTER
ON RETURN FROM INTERRUP T, OR SUBROU TINE
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6
ON INTERRUPT, OR SUBROUTINE CALL
Since the accumulator, in common with all other data space registers, is not stored in this stack, management of these registers should be performed within the subroutine. Caution: The stack will remain in its "deepest" position if more than 6 nested calls or interrupts are executed, and consequently the last return address will be lost. It will also remain in its highest position if the stack is empty and a RET or RETI is executed. In this case the next instruction will be executed.
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5 CLOCKS, SUPPLY AND RESET
5.1 CLOCK SYSTEM The main oscillator of the MCU can be driven by any of these clock sources: - external clock signal - external AT-cut parallel-resonant crystal - external ceramic resonator - external RC network (RNET). In addition, an on-chip Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) is available as a back-up clock system or to reduce power consumption. An optional Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) filters spikes from the oscillator lines, and switches to the LFAO backup oscillator in the event of main oscillator failure. It also automatically limits the internal clock frequency (fINT) as a function of VDD, in order to guarantee correct operation. These functions are illustrated in Figure 10, and Figure 11. Figure 9. Clock Circuit Block Diagram
OSCILLATOR SAFEGU ARD (OSG)
Table 6 illustrates various possible oscillator configurations using an external crystal or ceramic resonator, an external clock input, an external resistor (RNET), or the lowest cost solution using only the LFAO. For more details on configuring the clock options, refer to the Option Bytes section of this document. The internal MCU clock frequency (fINT) is divided by 12 to drive the Timer, the Watchdog timer and the A/D converter (if available), and by 13 to drive the CPU core, as shown in Figure 9. With an 8 MHz oscillator, the fastest CPU cycle is therefore 1.625s. A CPU cycle is the smallest unit of time needed to execute any operation (for instance, to increment the Program Counter). An instruction may require two, four, or five CPU cycles for execution.
fOSC
OSG filtering
: 13
CORE
8-BIT TIMER 0 MAIN OSCILLATOR 1 ADC LFAO OSCOFF BIT * (ADCR REGISTER ) fINT : 12 WATCHDOG *
OSG ENABLE OPTION BIT (See OPTION BYTE SECTION) * Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
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RC Network Option 1)
CLOCK SYSTEM (Cont'd) 5.1.1 Main Oscillator The oscillator configuration is specified by selecting the appropriate option in the option bytes (refer to the Option Bytes section of this document). When the CRYSTAL/RESONATOR option is selected, it must be used with a quartz crystal, a ceramic resonator or an external signal provided on the OSCin pin. When the RC NETWORK option is selected, the system clock is generated by an external resistor (the capacitor is implemented internally). The main oscillator can be turned off (when the OSG ENABLED option is selected) by setting the OSCOFF bit of the ADC Control Register (not available on some devices). This will automatically start the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO). The main oscillator can be turned off by resetting the OSCOFF bit of the A/D Converter Control Register or by resetting the MCU. When the main oscillator starts there is a delay made up of the oscillator start-up delay period plus the duration of the software instruction at a clock frequency f LFAO. Caution: It should be noted that when the RC network option is selected, the accuracy of the frequency is about 20% so it may not be suitable for some applications (For more details, please refer to the Electrical Characteristics Section).
Table 6. Oscillator Configurations
Hardware Configuration Crystal/Resonator Option 1) External Clock ST6 OSCin OSCout NC EXTERNAL CLOCK Crystal/Resonator Clock 2) ST6 OSCin OSCout
Crystal/Resonator Option 1)
CL1
LOAD CAPACITORS 3) RC Network
ST6
C L2
OSCin NC
OSCout
RNET
OSG Enabled Option 1)
LFAO
ST6
OSCin
OSCout NC
Notes: 1. To select the options shown in column 1 of the above table, refer to the Option Byte section. 2.This schematic are given for guidance only and are subject to the schematics given by the crystal or ceramic resonator manufacturer. 3. For more details, please refer to the Electrical Characteristics Section.
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CLOCK SYSTEM (Cont'd) 5.1.2 Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) The Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) feature is a means of dramatically improving the operational integrity of the MCU. It is available when the OSG ENABLED option is selected in the option byte (refer to the Option Bytes section of this document). The OSG acts as a filter whose cross-over frequency is device dependent and provides three basic functions: - Filtering spikes on the oscillator lines which would result in driving the CPU at excessive frequencies - Management of the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO), (useable as low cost internal clock source, backup clock in case of main oscillator failure or for low power consumption) - Automatically limiting the fINT clock frequency as a function of supply voltage, to ensure correct operation even if the power supply drops. 5.1.2.1 Spike Filtering Spikes on the oscillator lines result in an effectively increased internal clock frequency. In the absence of an OSG circuit, this may lead to an over frequency for a given power supply voltage. The OSG filters out such spikes (as illustrated in Figure 10). In all cases, when the OSG is active, the max-
imum internal clock frequency, fINT, is limited to fOSG, which is supply voltage dependent. 5.1.2.2 Management of Supply Voltage Variations Over-frequency, at a given power supply level, is seen by the OSG as spikes; it therefore filters out some cycles in order that the internal clock frequency of the device is kept within the range the particular device can stand (depending on VDD), and below fOSG: the maximum authorised frequency with OSG enabled. 5.1.2.3 LFAO Management When the OSG is enabled, the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator can be used (see Section 5.1.3). Note: The OSG should be used wherever possible as it provides maximum security for the application. It should be noted however, that it can increase power consumption and reduce the maximum operating frequency to fOSG (see Electrical Characteristics section). Caution: Care has to be taken when using the OSG, as the internal frequency is defined between a minimum and a maximum value and may vary depending on both VDD and temperature. For precise timing measurements, it is not recommended to use the OSG.
Figure 10. OSG Filtering Function
fOSC>fOSG fOSC fOSG fOSCfINT
Figure 11. LFAO Oscillator Function
MAIN OSCILLATOR STOPS fOSC fLFAO fINT MAIN OSCILLATOR RESTARTS
INTE RNAL CLOCK DRIVEN BY LFAO
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CLOCK SYSTEM (Cont'd) 5.1.3 Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) The Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator has three main purposes. Firstly, it can be used to reduce power consumption in non timing critical routines. Secondly, it offers a fully integrated system clock, without any external components. Lastly, it acts as a backup oscillator in case of main oscillator failure. This oscillator is available when the OSG ENABLED option is selected in the option byte (refer to the Option Bytes section of this document). In this case, it automatically starts one of its periods after the first missing edge of the main oscillator, whatever the reason for the failure (main oscillator defective, no clock circuitry provided, main oscillator switched off...). See Figure 11. User code, normal interrupts, WAIT and STOP instructions, are processed as normal, at the reduced fLFAO frequency. The A/D converter accuracy is decreased, since the internal frequency is below 1.2 MHz. At power on, until the main oscillator starts, the 2048 clock cycle counter is driven by the LFAO. If the main oscillator starts before the 2048 cycle delay has elapsed, it takes over.
The Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator is automatically switched off as soon as the main oscillator starts. 5.1.4 Register Description ADC CONTROL REGISTER (ADCR) Address: 0D1h -- Read/Write Reset value: 0100 0000 (40h)
7 ADCR ADCR ADCR ADCR ADCR 7 6 5 4 3 OSC OFF 0 ADCR ADCR 1 0
Bit 7:3, 1:0 = ADCR[7:3], ADCR[1:0] ADC Control Register. These bits are used to control the A/D converter (if available on the device) otherwise they are not used. Bit 2 = OSCOFF Main Oscillator Off. 0: Main oscillator enabled 1: Main oscillator disabled Note: The OSG must be enabled using the OSGEN option in the Option Byte, otherwise the OSCOFF setting has no effect.
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5.2 LOW VOLTAGE DETECTOR (LVD) The on-chip Low Voltage Detector is enabled by setting a bit in the option bytes (refer to the Option Bytes section of this document). The LVD allows the device to be used without any external RESET circuitry. In this case, the RESET pin should be left unconnected. If the LVD is not used, an external circuit is mandatory to ensure correct Power On Reset operation, see figure in the Reset section. For more details, please refer to the application note AN669. The LVD generates a static Reset when the supply voltage is below a reference value. This means that it secures the power-up as well as the powerdown keeping the ST6 in reset. The VIT- reference value for a voltage drop is lower than the VIT+ reference value for power-on in order to avoid a parasitic reset when the MCU starts running and sinks current on the supply (hysteresis). Figure 12. Low Voltage Detector Reset
VDD Vhyst VIT+ VIT-
The LVD Reset circuitry generates a reset when VDD is below: - VIT+ when VDD is rising - VIT- when VDD is falling The LVD function is illustrated in Figure 12. If the LVD is enabled, the MCU can be in only one of two states: - Over the input threshold voltage, it is running under full software control - Below the input threshold voltage, it is in static safe reset In these conditions, secure operation is guaranteed without the need for external reset hardware. During a Low Voltage Detector Reset, the RESET pin is held low, thus permitting the MCU to reset other devices.
RESET
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5.3 RESET 5.3.1 Introduction The MCU can be reset in three ways: s A low pulse input on the RESET pin s Internal Watchdog reset s Internal Low Voltage Detector (LVD) reset 5.3.2 RESET sequence The basic RESET sequence consists of 3 main phases: s Internal (watchdog or LVD) or external Reset event s A delay of 2048 clock (fINT) cycles s RESET vector fetch The 2048 clock cycle delay allows the oscillator to stabilise and ensures that recovery has taken place from the Reset state. Figure 13. RESET Sequence VDD
VIT+ VIT-
The RESET vector fetch phase duration is 2 clock cycles. When a reset occurs: - The stack is cleared - The PC is loaded with the address of the Reset vector. It is located in program ROM starting at address 0FFEh. A jump to the beginning of the user program must be coded at this address. - The interrupt flag is automatically set, so that the CPU is in Non Maskable Interrupt mode. This prevents the initialization routine from being interrupted. The initialization routine should therefore be terminated by a RETI instruction, in order to go back to normal mode.
WATCHDOG RESET WATCHDOG UNDERFLOW
LVD RESET
RESET PIN
INTERNAL RESET
RUN
RUN
RUN
RUN
RESET
RESET
RESET 2048 CLOCK CYCLE (fINT) DELAY
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RESET (Cont'd) 5.3.3 RESET Pin The RESET pin may be connected to a device on the application board in order to reset the MCU if required. The RESET pin may be pulled low in RUN, WAIT or STOP mode. This input can be used to reset the internal state of the MCU and ensure it starts-up correctly. The pin, which is connected to an internal pull-up, is active low and features a Schmitt trigger input. A delay (2048 clock cycles) added to the external signal ensures that even short pulses on the RESET pin are accepted as valid, provided VDD has completed its rising phase and that the oscillator is running correctly (normal RUN or WAIT modes). The MCU is kept in the Reset state as long as the RESET pin is held low. Figure 14. Reset Block Diagram
If the RESET pin is grounded while the MCU is in RUN or WAIT modes, processing of the user program is stopped (RUN mode only), the I/O ports are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors and the main oscillator is restarted. When the level on the RESET pin then goes high, the initialization sequence is executed at the end of the internal delay period. If the RESET pin is grounded while the MCU is in STOP mode, the oscillator starts up and all the I/O ports are configured as inputs with pull-up resistors. When the RESET pin level then goes high, the initialization sequence is executed at the end of the internal delay period. A simple external RESET circuitry is shown in Figure 15. For more details, please refer to the application note AN669.
VDD RPU
fINT
RESET RESD1)
1) Resistive ESD protection
COUNTER 2048 clock cycles
INTERNAL RESET
WATCHDOG RESET LVD RESET
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RESET (Cont'd) 5.3.4 Watchdog Reset The MCU provides a Watchdog timer function in order to be able to recover from software hangups. If the Watchdog register is not refreshed before an end-of-count condition is reached, a Watchdog reset is generated. After a Watchdog reset, the MCU restarts in the same way as if a Reset was generated by the RESET pin. Note: When a watchdog reset occurs, the RESET pin is tied low for very short time period, to flag the reset phase. This time is not long enough to reset external circuits. For more details refer to the Watchdog Timer chapter. 5.3.5 LVD Reset Two different RESET sequences caused by the internal LVD circuitry can be distinguished: s Power-On RESET s Voltage Drop RESET During an LVD reset, the RESET pin is pulled low when VDDVDD R RESET C Typical: R = 10K C = 10nF ST62xx R > 4.7 K VDD
Figure 16. Reset Processing
RESET 2048 CLOCK CYCLE DELAY INTE RNAL RESET
NMI MASK SET INT LATCH CLEARED (IF PRESENT)
SELECT NMI MODE FLAGS
PUT FFEh ON ADDRESS BUS
YES
IS RESET STILL PRESENT? NO LOAD PC FROM RESET LOCATIONS FFE h/FFFh
FETCH INSTR UCTION
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6 INTERRUPTS
The ST6 core may be interrupted by four maskable interrupt sources, in addition to a Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI) source. The interrupt processing flowchart is shown in Figure 18. Maskable interrupts must be enabled by setting the GEN bit in the IOR register. However, even if they are disabled (GEN bit = 0), interrupt events are latched and may be processed as soon as the GEN bit is set. Each source is associated with a specific Interrupt Vector, located in Program space (see Table 8). In the vector location, the user must write a Jump inFigure 17. Interrupts Block Diagram
VDD
struction to the associated interrupt service routine. When an interrupt source generates an interrupt request, the PC register is loaded with the address of the interrupt vector, which then causes a Jump to the relevant interrupt service routine, thus servicing the interrupt. Interrupt are triggered by events either on external pins, or from the on-chip peripherals. Several events can be ORed on the same interrupt vector. On-chip peripherals have flag registers to determine which event triggered the interrupt.
NMI
LATCH CLEARED BY H/W AT START OF VECTOR #0 ROUTINE
VECTOR #0
PA0...P A3
I/O PORT REGISTER "INPUT WITH INTERRUPT" CONFIGURATION
LATCH 0 VECTOR #1 CLEARED BY H/W AT START OF VECTOR #1 ROUTINE
1
LES BIT EXIT FROM STOP/WAI T
(IOR REGISTER)
PB0...PB7
I/O PORT REGISTER "INPUT WITH INTERRUPT" CONFIGURATION
LATCH
VECTO R #2
ESB BIT (IOR REGISTER) CLEARED BY H/W AT START OF VECTOR #2 ROUTINE TMZ BIT ETI BIT VECTOR #3
TIMER
(TSCR REGISTER) EAI BIT EOC BIT GEN BIT (IOR REGISTE R) VECTOR #4
A/D CONVERTER *
(ADCR REGISTER)
* Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
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6.1 INTERRUPT MANAGEMENT
s
RULES
AND
PRIORITY
6.3 NON MASKABLE INTERRUPT This interrupt is triggered when a falling edge occurs on the NMI pin regardless of the state of the GEN bit in the IOR register. An interrupt request on NMI vector #0 is latched by a flip flop which is automatically reset by the core at the beginning of the NMI service routine. 6.4 PERIPHERAL INTERRUPTS Different peripheral interrupt flags in the peripheral control registers are able to cause an interrupt when they are active if both: - The GEN bit of the IOR register is set - The corresponding enable bit is set in the peripheral control register. Peripheral interrupts are linked to vectors #3 and #4. Interrupt requests are flagged by a bit in their corresponding control register. This means that a request cannot be lost, because the flag bit must be cleared by user software.
s
s
A Reset can interrupt the NMI and peripheral interrupt routines The Non Maskable Interrupt request has the highest priority and can interrupt any peripheral interrupt routine at any time but cannot interrupt another NMI interrupt. No peripheral interrupt can interrupt another. If more than one interrupt request is pending, these are processed by the processor core according to their priority level: vector #1 has the highest priority while vector #4 the lowest. The priority of each interrupt source is fixed by hardware (see Interrupt Mapping table).
6.2 INTERRUPTS AND LOW POWER MODES All interrupts cause the processor to exit from WAIT mode. Only the external and some specific interrupts from the on-chip peripherals cause the processor to exit from STOP mode (refer to the "Exit from STOP" column in the Interrupt Mapping Table).
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6.5 EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS (I/O Ports) External interrupt vectors can be loaded into the PC register if the corresponding external interrupt occurred and if the GEN bit is set. These interrupts allow the processor to exit from STOP mode. The external interrupt polarity is selected through the IOR register. External interrupts are linked to vectors #1 and # 2. Interrupt requests on vector #1 can be configured either as edge or level-sensitive using the LES bit in the IOR Register. Interrupt requests from vector #2 are always edge sensitive. The edge polarity can be configured using the ESB bit in the IOR Register. In edge-sensitive mode, a latch is set when a edge occurs on the interrupt source line and is cleared when the associated interrupt routine is started. So, an interrupt request can be stored until completion of the currently executing interrupt routine, before being processed. If several interrupt requests occurs before completion of the current interrupt routine, only the first request is stored. Storing of interrupt requests is not possible in level sensitive mode. To be taken into account, the low level must be present on the interrupt pin when the MCU samples the line after instruction execution. 6.5.1 Notes on using External Interrupts ESB bit Spurious Interrupt on Vector #2 If a pin associated with interrupt vector #2 is configured as interrupt with pull-up, whenever vector #2 is configured to be rising edge sensitive (by setting the ESB bit in the IOR register), an interrupt is latched although a rising edge may not have occured on the associated pin. This is due to the vector #2 circuitry.The workaround is to discard this first interrupt request in the routine (using a flag for example). Masking of One Interrupt by Another on Vector #2. When two or more port pins (associated with interrupt vector #2) are configured together as input with interrupt (falling edge sensitive), as long as one pin is stuck at '0', the other pin can never generate an interrupt even if an active edge occurs at this pin. The same thing occurs when one pin is stuck at '1' and interrupt vector #2 is configured as rising edge sensitive. To avoid this the first pin must input a signal that goes back up to '1' right after the falling edge. Otherwise, in the interrupt routine for the first pin, deactivate the "input with interrupt" mode using the port control registers (DDR, OR, DR). An active edge on another pin can then be latched. I/O port Configuration Spurious Interrupt on Vector #2 If a pin associated with interrupt vector #2 is in `input with pull-up' state, a `0' level is present on the pin and the ESB bit = 0, when the I/O pin is configured as interrupt with pull-up by writing to the DDRx, ORx and DRx register bits, an interrupt is latched although a falling edge may not have occurred on the associated pin. In the opposite case, if the pin is in interrupt with pull-up state , a 0 level is present on the pin and the ESB bit =1, when the I/O port is configured as input with pull-up by writing to the DDRx, ORx and DRx bits, an interrupt is latched although a rising edge may not have occurred on the associated pin.
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6.6 INTERRUPT HANDLING PROCEDURE The interrupt procedure is very similar to a call procedure, in fact the user can consider the interrupt as an asynchronous call procedure. As this is an asynchronous event, the user cannot know the context and the time at which it occurred. As a result, the user should save all Data space registers which may be used within the interrupt routines. The following list summarizes the interrupt procedure: When an interrupt request occurs, the following actions are performed by the MCU automatically: - The core switches from the normal flags to the interrupt flags (or the NMI flags). - The PC contents are stored in the top level of the stack. - The normal interrupt lines are inhibited (NMI still active). - The internal latch (if any) is cleared. - Theassociated interrupt vectoris loaded inthe PC. When an interrupt request occurs, the following actions must be performed by the user software: - User selected registers have to be saved within the interrupt service routine (normally on a software stack). - The source of the interrupt must be determined by polling the interrupt flags (if more than one source is associated with the same vector). - The RETI (RETurn from Interrupt) instruction must end the interrupt service routine. After the RETI instruction is executed, the MCU returns to the main routine. Caution: When a maskable interrupt occurs while the ST6 core is in NORMAL mode and during the execution of an "ldi IOR, 00h" instruction (disabling all maskable interrupts): if the interrupt request occurs during the first 3 cycles of the "ldi" instruction (which is a 4-cycle instruction) the core will switch to interrupt mode BUT the flags CN and ZN will NOT switch to the interrupt pair CI and ZI. 6.6.1 Interrupt Response Time This is defined as the time between the moment when the Program Counter is loaded with the interrupt vector and when the program has jump to the interrupt subroutine and is ready to execute the code. It depends on when the interrupt occurs while the core is processing an instruction. Figure 18. Interrupt Processing Flow Chart
INSTRUCTION
FETCH INSTRUCTION
EXECUTE INSTRUCTION
LOAD PC FROM INTERRUPT VECTOR
WAS THE INSTRUCTION A RETI? YES YES IS THE CORE ALREADY IN NORMAL MODE?
NO CLEAR INTERNAL LATCH
*)
DISABLE MASKABLE INTERRUPT
NO ENABLE MASKABLE INTERRUPTS PUSH THE PC INTO THE STACK
SELECT NORMAL FLAGS
SELECT INTERRUPT FLAGS
"POP" THE STACKED PC
NO
IS THERE AN AN INTERRUPT REQUEST AND INTERRUPT MASK?
YES
*)
If a latch is present on the interrupt source line
Table 7. Interrupt Response Time
Minimum Maximum 6 CPU cycles 11 CPU cycles
One CPU cycle is 13 external clock cycles thus 11 CPU cycles = 11 x (13 /8M) = 17.875 s with an 8 MHz external quartz.
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6.7 REGISTER DESCRIPTION INTERRUPT OPTION REGISTER (IOR) Address: 0C8h -- Write Only Reset status: 00h
7 LES ESB GEN 0 -
1: Low level sensitive mode is selected for interrupt vector #1 Bit 5 = ESB Edge Selection bit. 0: Falling edge mode on interrupt vector #2 1: Rising edge mode on interrupt vector #2 Bit 4 = GEN Global Enable Interrupt. 0: Disable all maskable interrupts 1: Enable all maskable interrupts Note: When the GEN bit is cleared, the NMI interrupt is active but cannot be used to exit from STOP or WAIT modes. Bits 3:0 = Reserved, must be cleared.
Caution: This register is write-only and cannot be accessed by single-bit operations (SET, RES, DEC,...). Bit 7 =Reserved, must be cleared. Bit 6 = LES Level/Edge Selection bit. 0: Falling edge sensitive mode is selected for interrupt vector #1 Table 8. Interrupt Mapping
Vector number Vector #0 Source Block RESET NMI Description Reset Non Maskable Interrupt NOT USED Vector #1 Vector #2 Vector #3 Vector #4 Port A Port B TIMER ADC* Ext. Interrupt Port A Ext. Interrupt Port B Timer underflow End Of Conversion
Register Label N/A N/A
Flag N/A N/A
Exit from STOP yes yes
Vector Address FFEh-FFFh FFCh-FFDh FFAh-FFB h FF8h-FF9h FF6h-FF7h FF4h-FF5h FF2h-FF3h FF0h-FF1h
Priority Order Highest Priority
N/A N/A TSCR ADCR
N/A N/A TMZ EOC
yes yes yes no
Lowest Priority
* Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
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7 POWER SAVING MODES
7.1 INTRODUCTION To give a large measure of flexibility to the application in terms of power consumption, two main power saving modes are implemented in the ST6 (see Figure 19). In addition, the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) can be used instead of the main oscillator to reduce power consumption in RUN and WAIT modes. After a RESET the normal operating mode is selected by default (RUN mode). This mode drives the device (CPU and embedded peripherals) by means of a master clock which is based on the main oscillator frequency. From Run mode, the different power saving modes may be selected by calling the specific ST6 software instruction or for the LFAO by setting the relevant register bit. For more information on the LFAO, please refer to the Clock chapter. Figure 19. Power Saving Mode Transitions
High RUN LFAO WAIT
STOP Low POWER CONSUMPTION
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7.2 WAIT MODE The MCU goes into WAIT mode as soon as the WAIT instruction is executed. This has the following effects: - Program execution is stopped, the microcontroller software can be considered as being in a "frozen" state. - RAM contents and peripheral registers are preserved as long as the power supply voltage is higher than the RAM retention voltage. - The oscillator is kept running to provide a clock to the peripherals; they are still active. WAIT mode can be used when the user wants to reduce the MCU power consumption during idle periods, while not losing track of time or the ability to monitor external events. WAIT mode places the MCU in a low power consumption mode by stopping the CPU. The active oscillator (main oscillator or LFAO) is kept running in order to provide a clock signal to the peripherals. If the power consumption has to be further reduced, the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO) can be used in place of the main oscillator, if its operating frequency is lower. If required, the LFAO must be switched on before entering WAIT mode. Exit from Wait mode The MCU remains in WAIT mode until one of the following events occurs: - RESET (Watchdog, LVD or RESET pin) - A peripheral interrupt (timer, ADC,...), - An external interrupt (I/O port, NMI) The Program Counter then branches to the starting address of the interrupt or RESET service routine. Refer to Figure 20. Note: It should be noted that when the GEN bit in the IOR register is low (interrupts disabled), the NMI interrupt is active but cannot cause a wake up from STOP/WAIT modes. Figure 20. WAIT Mode Flow-chart
OSCILLATOR WAIT INSTRUCTION Clock to CPU On No
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
N RESE T N Y INTERRUPT
Y
OSCILLATOR Clock to CPU
Restart Yes
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
2048 CLOCK CYCLE DELAY
OSCILLATOR Clock to CPU
On Yes
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
FETCH RESET VECTOR OR SERV ICE INTERRUPT
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7.3 STOP MODE STOP mode is the lowest power consumption mode of the MCU (see Figure 22). The MCU goes into STOP mode as soon as the STOP instruction is executed. This has the following effects: - Program execution is stopped, the microcontroller can be considered as being "frozen". - The contents of RAM and the peripheral registers are kept safely as long as the power supply voltage is higher than the RAM retention voltage. - The oscillator is stopped, so peripherals cannot work except the those that can be driven by an external clock. Exit from STOP mode The MCU remains in STOP mode until one of the following events occurs: - RESET (Watchdog, LVD or RESET pin) - A peripheral interrupt (assuming this peripheral can be driven by an external clock) - An external interrupt (I/O port, NMI) In all cases a delay of 2048 clock cycles (fINT) is generated to make sure the oscillator has started properly. The Program Counter then points to the starting address of the interrupt or RESET service routine (see Figure 21). STOP mode and Watchdog When the Watchdog is active (hardware or software activation), the STOP instruction is disabled and a WAIT instruction will be executed in its place unless the EXCTNL option bit is set to 1 in the option bytes and a a high level is present on the NMI pin. In this case, the STOP instruction will be executed and the Watchdog will be frozen. Figure 21. STOP Mode Timing Overview
RUN STOP 2048 CLOCK CYCLE DELAY RUN
STOP INSTRUCTION
RESET OR INTERRUPT
FETCH VECTOR
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STOP MODE (Cont'd) Figure 22. STOP Mode Flow-chart
STOP INSTRUCTION
ENABLE
WATCHDOG DISABLE
EXCTNL VALUE 1) 0
1
0
LEVEL ON NMI PIN
1
OSCILLATOR Clock to PERIPHERALS Clock to CPU
2)
Off No No
N
OSCILLATOR Clock to CPU On No
RESET N INTERRUPT 3) Y Y
OSCILLATOR Clock to CPU Restart Yes
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
N
Y RESET
2048 CLOCK CYCLE DELAY
N INTERRUPT
Y
OSCILLATOR Clock to CPU
On Yes
Clock to PERIPHERALS Yes
FETCH RESET VECTOR OR SERVICE INTERRUPT
Notes: 1. EXCTNL is an option bit. See option byte section for more details. 2. Peripheral clocked with an external clock source can still be active. 3. Only some specific interrupts can exit the MCU from STOP mode (such as external interrupt). Refer to the Interrupt Mapping table for more details.
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7.4 NOTES RELATED TO WAIT AND STOP MODES 7.4.1 Exit from Wait and Stop Modes 7.4.1.1 NMI Interrupt It should be noted that when the GEN bit in the IOR register is low (interrupts disabled), the NMI interrupt is active but cannot cause a wake up from STOP/WAIT modes. 7.4.1.2 Restart Sequence When the MCU exits from WAIT or STOP mode, it should be noted that the restart sequence depends on the original state of the MCU (normal, interrupt or non-maskable interrupt mode) prior to entering WAIT or STOP mode, as well as on the interrupt type. Normal Mode. If the MCU was in the main routine when the WAIT or STOP instruction was executed, exit from Stop or Wait mode will occur as soon as an interrupt occurs; the related interrupt routine is executed and, on completion, the instruction which follows the STOP or WAIT instruction is then executed, providing no other interrupts are pending. Non Maskable Interrupt Mode. If the STOP or WAIT instruction has been executed during execution of the non-maskable interrupt routine, the MCU exits from Stop or Wait mode as soon as an interrupt occurs: the instruction which follows the STOP or WAIT instruction is executed, and the MCU remains in non-maskable interrupt mode, even if another interrupt has been generated. Normal Interrupt Mode. If the MCU was in interrupt mode before the STOP or WAIT instruction was executed, it exits from STOP or WAIT mode as soon as an interrupt occurs. Nevertheless, two cases must be considered: - If the interrupt is a normal one, the interrupt routine in which the WAIT or STOP mode was entered will be completed, starting with the execution of the instruction which follows the STOP or the WAIT instruction, and the MCU is still in interrupt mode. At the end of this routine pending interrupts will be serviced according to their priority. - In the event of a non-maskable interrupt, the non-maskable interrupt service routine is processed first, then the routine in which the WAIT or STOP mode was entered will be completed by executing the instruction following the STOP or WAIT instruction. The MCU remains in normal interrupt mode. 7.4.2 Recommended MCU Configuration For lowest power consumption during RUN or WAIT modes, the user software must configure the MCU as follows: - Configure unused I/Os as inputs without pull-up (these should be externally tied to well-defined logic levels) - Place all peripherals in their power down modes before entering STOP mode - Select the Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (provided this runs at a lower frequency than the main oscillator). The WAIT and STOP instructions are not executed if an enabled interrupt request is pending.
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8 I/O PORTS
8.1 INTRODUCTION Each I/O port contains up to 8 pins. Each pin can be programmed independently as digital input (with or without pull-up and interrupt generation), digital output (open drain, push-pull) or analog input (when available). The I/O pins can be used in either standard or alternate function mode. Standard I/O mode is used for: - Transfer of data through digital inputs and outputs (on specific pins): - External interrupt generation Alternate function mode is used for: - Alternate signal input/output for the on-chip peripherals The generic I/O block diagram is shown in Figure 23. 8.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Each port is associated with 3 registers located in Data space: - Data Register (DR) - Data Direction Register (DDR) - Option Register (OR) Each I/O pin may be programmed using the corresponding register bits in the DDR, DR and OR registers: bit x corresponding to pin x of the port. Table 9 illustrates the various port configurations which can be selected by user software. During MCU initialization, all I/O registers are cleared and the input mode with pull-up and no interrupt generation is selected for all the pins, thus avoiding pin conflicts. 8.2.1 Digital input modes The input configuration is selected by clearing the corresponding DDR register bit. In this case, reading the DR register returns the digital value applied to the external I/O pin. Different input modes can be selected by software through the DR and OR registers, see Table 9. External interrupt function All input lines can be individually connected by software to the interrupt system by programming the OR and DR registers accordingly. The interrupt trigger modes (falling edge, rising edge and low level) can be configured by software for each port as described in the Interrupt Chapter. 8.2.2 Analog inputs Some pins can be configured as analog inputs by programming the OR and DR registers accordingly, see Table 9. These analog inputs are connected to the on-chip 8-bit Analog to Digital Converter. Warning: ONLY ONE pin should be programmed as an analog input at any time, since by selecting more than one input simultaneously their pins will be effectively shorted. 8.2.3 Output modes The output configuration is selected by setting the corresponding DDR register bit. In this case, writing to the DR register applies this digital value to the I/O pin through the latch. Then, reading the DR register returns the previously stored value. Two different output modes can be selected by software through the OR register: push-pull and open-drain. DR register value and output pin status:
DR 0 1 Push-pu ll VSS V DD Open-drain VSS Floating
Note: The open drain setting is not a true open drain. This means it has the same structure as the push-pull setting but the P-buffer is deactivated. 8.2.4 Alternate functions When an on-chip peripheral is configured to use a pin, the alternate function (timer input/output...) is not systematically selected but has to be configured through the DDR, OR and DR registers. Refer to the chapter describing the peripheral for more details.
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I/O PORTS (Cont'd) Figure 23. I/O Port Block Diagram
PULL-UP
RESET
VDD VDD
DATA DIRECTION REGISTER
V DD
Pxx I/O Pin DATA REGISTER ST6 INTERNAL BUS OPTION REGISTER P-BUFFER
N-BUFFER CLAMPING DIODES
CMOS TO INTERRUPT TO ADC * SCHMITT TRIGGER
* Depending on device. See device summary on page 1.
Table 9. I/O Port Configurations
DDR 0 0 0 0 1 1 OR 0 0 1 1 0 1 DR 0 1 0 1 x x Mode Input Input Input Input Output Output With pull-up, no interrupt No pull-up, no interrupt With pull-up and with interrupt Analog input (when available) Open-drain output (20mA sink when available) Push-pull output (20mA sink when available) Optio n
Note: x = Don't care
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I/O PORTS (Cont'd) 8.2.5 Instructions NOT to be used to access Port Data registers (SET, RES, INC and DEC) DO NOT USE SINGLE-BIT INSTRUCTIONS (SET, RES, INC and DEC) ON PORT DATA REGISTERS IF ANY PIN OF THE PORT IS CONFIGURED IN INPUT MODE. These instructions make an implicit read and write back of the entire register. In port input mode, however, the data register reads from the input pins directly, and not from the data register latches. Since data register information in input mode is used to set the characteristics of the input pin (interrupt, pull-up, analog input), these may be unintentionally reprogrammed depending on the state of the input pins. As a general rule, it is better to only use single bit instructions on data registers when the whole (8bit) port is in output mode. In the case of inputs or of mixed inputs and outputs, it is advisable to keep a copy of the data register in RAM. Single bit instructions may then be used on the RAM copy, after which the whole copy register can be written to the port data register: SET bit, datacopy LD a, datacopy LD DRA, a 8.2.6 Recommendations 1. Safe I/O State Switching Sequence Switching the I/O ports from one state to another should be done in a sequence which ensures that no unwanted side effects can occur. The recommended safe transitions are illustrated in Figure 24 All other transitions are potentially risky and should be avoided when changing the I/O operating mode.
2. Handling Unused Port Bits On ports that have less than 8 external pins connected: - Leave the unbonded pins in reset state and do not change their configuration. - Do not use instructions that act on a whole port register (INC, DEC, or read operations). Unavailable bits must be masked by software (AND instruction). Thus, when a read operation performed on an incomplete port is followed by a comparison, use a mask. 3. High Impedance Input On any CMOS device, it is not recommended to connect high impedance on input pins. The choice of these impedance has to be done with respect to the maximum leakage current defined in the datasheet. The risk is to be close or out of specification on the input levels applied to the device. 8.3 LOW POWER MODES The WAIT and STOP instructions allow the ST62xx to be used in situations where low power consumption is needed. The lowest power consumption is achieved by configuring I/Os in output push-pull low mode.
Mode WAIT STOP Description No effect on I/O ports. External interrupts cause the device to exit from WAIT mode. No effect on I/O ports. External interrupts cause the device to exit from STOP mode.
8.4 INTERRUPTS The external interrupt event generates an interrupt if the corresponding configuration is selected with DDR, DR and OR registers (see Table 9) and the GEN-bit in the IOR register is set.
Input Analog Input
Figure 24. Diagram showing Safe I/O State Transitions Interrupt 010* pull-up
Input pull-up (Reset state) Output Open Drain Output Push-pull
000
011
001
100
101
Output Open Drain Output Push-pull
110
111
Note *. xxx = DDR, OR, DR Bits respectively
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I/O PORTS (Cont'd) Table 10. I/O Port Option Selections
MODE AVAILABLE ON(1) SCHEMATIC
Input PA0-PA3 PB0-PB7 DDRx 0 ORx 0 Reset state Digital Input Input with pull up DDRx 0 ORx 0 Input with pull up with interrupt DDRx 0 Analog Input ORx 1 DRx 0 PA0-PA3 PB0-PB7 DRx 0 PA0-PA3 PB0-PB7 DRx 1
VDD
VDD
Data in Interrupt
VDD
VDD
Data in Interrupt
VDD
VDD
Data in Interrupt
Analog Input
PB0-PB3 (ST6210C/20C) DRx 1 PB0-PB7 PB4-PB7 (except ST6208C)
VDD
ADC
DDRx 0
ORx 1
Open drain output (5mA)
VDD
P-buffer disconnected
Open drain output (20 mA) PA0-PA3 Digital output DDRx 1 ORx 0 DRx 0/1 PB0-PB7
Data out
Push-pull output (5mA)
VDD
Push-pull output (20 mA) DDRx 1 ORx 1 DRx 0/1 PA0-PA3 Data out
Note 1. Provided the correct configuration has been selected (see Table 9).
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I/O PORTS (Cont'd) 8.5 REGISTER DESCRIPTION DATA REGISTER (DR) Port x Data Register DRx with x = A or B. Read/Write Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 0 D0
Bits 7:0 = DD[7:0] Data direction register bits. The DDR register gives the input/output direction configuration of the pins. Each bit is set and cleared by software. 0: Input mode 1: Output mode
Bits 7:0 = D[7:0] Data register bits. Reading the DR register returns either the DR register latch content (pin configured as output) or the digital value applied to the I/O pin (pin configured as input). Caution: In input mode, modifying this register will modify the I/O port configuration (see Table 9). Do not use the Single bit instructions on I/O port data registers. See (Section 8.2.5). DATA DIRECTION REGISTER (DDR) Port x Data Direction Register DDRx with x = A or B. Read/Write Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7 DD7 DD6 DD5 DD4 DD3 DD2 DD1 0 DD0
OPTION REGISTER (OR) Port x Option Register ORx with x = A or B. Read/Write Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7 O7 O6 O5 O4 O3 O2 O1 0 O0
Bits 7:0 = O[7:0] Option register bits. The OR register allows to distinguish in output mode if the push-pull or open drain configuration is selected. Output mode: 0: Open drain output(with P-Buffer deactivated) 1: Push-pull Output Input mode: See Table 9. Each bit is set and cleared by software. Caution: Modifying this register, will also modify the I/O port configuration in input mode. (see Table 9).
Table 11. I/O Port Register Map and Reset Values
Address (Hex.) Register Label 7 0 MSB MSB MSB 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 LSB LSB LSB
Reset Value of all I/O port registers 0C0h 0C1h 0C4h 0C5h 0CCh 0CDh DRA DRB DDRA DDRB ORA ORB
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9 ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS
9.1 WATCHDOG TIMER (WDG) 9.1.1 Introduction The Watchdog timer is used to detect the occurrence of a software fault, usually generated by external interference or by unforeseen logical conditions, which causes the application program to abandon its normal sequence. The Watchdog circuit generates an MCU reset on expiry of a programmed time period, unless the program refreshes the counter's contents before the SR bit becomes cleared. Figure 25. Watchdog Block Diagram 9.1.2 Main Features s Programmable timer (64 steps of 3072 clock cycles) s Software reset s Reset (if watchdog activated) when the SR bit reaches zero s Hardware or software watchdog activation selectable by option bit (Refer to the option bytes section)
RESET
WATCHDOG REGISTER (WDGR) T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 SR C
bit 7
7-BIT DOWNCOUNTER
bit 0
fint /12
CLOCK DIVIDER / 256
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WATCHDOG TIMER (Cont'd) 9.1.3 Functional Description The watchdog activation is selected through an option in the option bytes: - HARDWARE watchdog option After reset, the watchdog is permanently active, the C bit in the WDGR is forced high and the user can not change it. However, this bit can be read equally as 0 or 1. - SOFTWARE watchdog option After reset, the watchdog is deactivated. The function is activated by setting C bit in the WDGR register. Once activated, it cannot be deactivated. The counter value stored in the WDGR register (bits SR:T0), is decremented every 3072 clock cycles. The length of the timeout period can be programmed by the user in 64 steps of 3072 clock cycles. If the watchdog is activated (by setting the C bit) and when the SR bit is cleared, the watchdog initiates a reset cycle pulling the reset pin low for typically 500ns. The application program must write in the WDGR register at regular intervals during normal operation to prevent an MCU reset. The value to be stored in the WDGR register must be between FEh and 02h (see Table 12). To run the watchdog function the following conditions must be true: - The C bit is set (watchdog activated) - The SR bit is set to prevent generating an immediate reset - The T[5:0] bits contain the number of decrements which represent the time delay before the watchdog produces a reset. Table 12. Watchdog Timing (fOSC = 8 MHz)
WDGR Register initial value FEh 02h WDG timeout period (ms) 24.576 0.384
When STOP mode is not required, hardware activation without EXTERNAL STOP MODE CONTROL should be preferred, as it provides maximum security, especially during power-on. When STOP mode is required, hardware activation and EXTERNAL STOP MODE CONTROL should be chosen. NMI should be high by default, to allow STOP mode to be entered when the MCU is idle. The NMI pin can be connected to an I/O line (see Figure 26) to allow its state to be controlled by software. The I/O line can then be used to keep NMI low while Watchdog protection is required, or to avoid noise or key bounce. When no more processing is required, the I/O line is released and the device placed in STOP mode for lowest power consumption. Figure 26. A typical circuit making use of the EXERNAL STOP MODE CONTROL feature
SWITCH NMI
I/O
VR02002
Max. Min.
9.1.3.1 Software Reset The SR bit can be used to generate a software reset by clearing the SR bit while the C bit is set. 9.1.4 Recommendations 1. The Watchdog plays an important supporting role in the high noise immunity of ST62xx devices, and should be used wherever possible. Watchdog related options should be selected on the basis of a trade-off between application security and STOP mode availability (refer to the description of the WDACT and EXTCNTL bits on the Option Bytes).
2. When software activation is selected (WDACT bit in Option byte) and the Watchdog is not activated, the downcounter may be used as a simple 7bit timer (remember that the bits are in reverse order). The software activation option should be chosen only when the Watchdog counter is to be used as a timer. To ensure the Watchdog has not been unexpectedly activated, the following instructions should be executed: jrr 0, WDGR, #+3 ; If C=0,jump to next ldi WDGR, 0FDH ; SR=0 -> reset next :
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WATCHDOG TIMER (Cont'd) These instructions test the C bit and reset the MCU (i.e. disable the Watchdog) if the bit is set (i.e. if the Watchdog is active), thus disabling the Watchdog. For more information on the use of the watchdog, please read application note AN1015.
Note: This note applies only when the watchdog is used as a standard timer. It is recommended to read the counter twice, as it may sometimes return an invalid value if the read is performed while the counter is decremented (counter bits in transient state). To validate the return value, both values read must be equal. The counter decrements every 384s at 8MHz fOSC.
9.1.5 Low Power Modes Mode WAIT STOP Description No effect on Watchdog.
Behaviour depends on the EXTCNTL option in the Option bytes: 1. Watchdog disabled: The MCU will enter Stop mode if a STOP instruction is executed. 2. Watchdog enabled and EXTCNTL optio n disabled: If a STOP instruction is encountered, it is interpreted as a WAIT. 3. Watchdog and EXTCNTL option enabled: If a STOP instruction is encountered when the NMI pin is low, it is interpreted as a WAIT. If, however, the STOP instruction is encountered when the NMI pin is high, the Watchdog counter is frozen and the CPU enters STOP mode. When the MCU exits STOP mode (i.e. when an interrupt is generated), the Watchdog resumes its activity.
9.1.6 Interrupts None.
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WATCHDOG TIMER (Cont'd) 9.1.7 Register Description WATCHDOG REGISTER (WDGR) Address: 0D8h - Read/Write Reset Value: 1111 1110 (FEh)
7 T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 SR 0 C
When C is kept cleared the counter can be used as a 7-bit timer. 0: Watchdog deactivated 1: Watchdog activated Bit 1 = SR: Software Reset bit Software can generate a reset by clearing this bit while the C bit is set. When C = 0 (Watchdog deactivated) the SR bit is the MSB of the 7-bit timer. 0: Generate (write) 1: No software reset generated, MSB of 7-bit timer
Bit 0= C Watchdog Control bit. If the hardware option is selected (WDACT bit in Option byte), this bit is forced high and cannot be changed by the user (the Watchdog is always active). When the software option is selected (WDACT bit in Option byte), the Watchdog function is activated by setting the C bit, and cannot then be deactivated (except by resetting the MCU).
Bit 5:0 = T[5:0] Downcounter bits Caution: These bits are reversed and shifted with respect to the physical counter: bit-7 (T0) is the LSB of the Watchdog downcounter and bit-2 (T5) is the MSB.
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9.2 8-BIT TIMER 9.2.1 Introduction The 8-Bit Timer on-chip peripheral is a free running downcounter based on an 8-bit downcounter with a 7-bit programmable prescaler, giving a maximum count of 215. The peripheral may be configured in three different operating modes. 9.2.2 Main Features s Time-out downcounting mode with up to 15-bit accuracy s External counter clock source (valid also in STOP mode) s Interrupt capability on counter underflow s Output signal generation s External pulse length measurement s Event counter The timer can be used in WAIT and STOP modes to wake up the MCU.
Figure 27. Timer Block Diagram
TIMER PIN 7 fINT/12 TCR TCR7 REGISTER TCR6 TCR5 TCR4 TCR3 TCR2 TCR1 TCR0 8-BIT DOWN COUNTE R 0 fCOUNTER
fEXT 7 TMZ ETI TOUT
LATCH
0 DOUT PSI PS2 PS1 PS0 TSCR REGIST ER
INTE RRUPT
fPRESCALER
RELOAD
PSCR REGISTER 7 0
PSCR7 PSCR6 PSCR5 PSCR4 PSCR3 PSCR2 PSCR1 PSCR0 /128 /64 /32 /16 /8 /4 /2 /1
PROGRAMMABLE PRESCALER
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8-BIT TIMER (Cont'd) 9.2.3 Counter/Prescaler Description Prescaler The prescaler input can be the internal frequency fINT divided by 12 or an external clock applied to the TIMER pin. The prescaler decrements on the rising edge, depending on the division factor programmed by the PS[2:0] bits in the TSCR register. The state of the 7-bit prescaler can be read in the PSCR register. When the prescaler reaches 0, it is automatically reloaded with 7Fh. Counter The free running 8-bit downcounter is fed by the output of the programmable prescaler, and is decremented on every rising edge of the f COUNTER clock signal coming from the prescaler. It is possible to read or write the contents of the counter on the fly, by reading or writing the timer counter register (TCR). When the downcounter reaches 0, it is automatically reloaded with the value 0FFh. Counter clock and prescaler The counter clock frequency is given by: fCOUNTER = fPRESCALER / 2PS[2:0] where fPRESCALER can be: - fINT/12 - fEXT (input on TIMER pin) - fINT/12 gated by TIMER pin The timer input clock feeds the 7-bit programmable prescaler. The prescaler output can be programmed by selecting one of the 8 available prescaler taps using the PS[2:0] bits in the Status/Control Register (TSCR). Thus the division factor of the prescaler can be set to 2n (where n equals 0, to 7). See Figure 27. The clock input is enabled by the PSI (Prescaler Initialize) bit in the TSCR register. When PSI is reset, the counter is frozen and the prescaler is loaded with the value 7Fh. When PSI is set, the pres-
caler and the counter run at the rate of the selected clock source. Counter and Prescaler Initialization After RESET, the counter and the prescaler are initialized to 0FFh and 7Fh respectively. The 7-bit prescaler can be initialized to 7Fh by clearing the PSI bit. Direct write access to the prescaler is also possible when PSI =1. Then, any value between 0 and 7Fh can be loaded into it. The 8-bit counter can be initialized separately by writing to the TCR register. 9.2.3.1 8-bit Counting and Interrupt Capability on Counter Underflow Whatever the division factor defined for the prescaler, the Timer Counter works as an 8-bit downcounter. The input clock frequency is user selectable using the PS[2:0] bits. When the downcounter decrements to zero, the TMZ (Timer Zero) bit in the TSCR is set. If the ETI (Enable Timer Interrupt) bit in the TSCR is also set, an interrupt request is generated. The Timer interrupt can be used to exit the MCU from WAIT or STOP mode. The TCR can be written at any time by software to define a time period ending with an underflow event, and therefore manage delay or timer functions. TMZ is set when the downcounter reaches zero; however, it may also be set by writing 00h in the TCR register or by setting bit 7 of the TSCR register. The TMZ bit must be cleared by user software when servicing the timer interrupt to avoid undesired interrupts when leaving the interrupt service routine. Note: A write to the TCR register will predominate over the 8-bit counter decrement to 00h function, i.e. if a write and a TCR register decrement to 00h occur simultaneously, the write will take precedence, and the TMZ bit is not set until the 8-bit counter underflows again.
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8-BIT TIMER (Cont'd) 9.2.4 Functional Description There are three operating modes, which are selected by the TOUT and DOUT bits (see TSCR register). These three modes correspond to the two clocks which can be connected to the 7-bit prescaler (fINT / 12 or TIMER pin signal), and to the output mode. The settings for the different operating modes are summarized Table 13. Table 13. Timer operating modes
TOUT DOUT 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Timer Function Event Counter (input) Gated input (input) Output "0" (output) Output "1" (output) Application External counter clock source External Pulse length measurement Output signal generation
the DDR, OR and DR registers. For more details, please refer to the I/O Ports section. Figure 28. fTIMER Clock in Gated Mode
fINT/12 f PRESCALER
TIMER
fEXT
Figure 29. Gated Mode Operation
COUNTE R VALUE xx1 VALUE 1
xx2
VALUE 2
TIMER PIN PULSE LENGTH 1
9.2.4.1 Gated mode (TOUT = "0", DOUT = "1") In this mode, the prescaler is decremented by the Timer clock input, but only when the signal on the TIMER pin is held high (fINT/12 gated by TIMER pin). See Figure 28 and Figure 29. This mode is selected by clearing the TOUT bit in the TSCR register (i.e. as input) and setting the DOUT bit. Note: In this mode, if the TIMER pin is multiplexed, the corresponding port control bits have to be set in input with pull-up configuration through
TIMER CLOCK
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8-BIT TIMER (Cont'd) 9.2.4.2 Event counter mode (TOUT = "0", DOUT = "0") In this mode, the TIMER pin is the input clock of the Timer prescaler which is decremented on every rising edge of the input clock (allowing event count). See Figure 30 and Figure 31. This mode is selected by clearing the TOUT bit in the TSCR register (i.e. as input) and clearing the DOUT bit. Note: In this mode, if the TIMER pin is multiplexed, the corresponding port control bits have to be set in input with pull-up configuration. Figure 30. fTIMER Clock in Event Counter Mode
low-to-high TMZ bit transition is used to latch the DOUT bit in the TSCR and, if the TOUT bit is set, DOUT is transferred to the TIMER pin. This operating mode allows external signal generation on the TIMER pin. See Figure 33. This mode is selected by setting the TOUT bit in the TSCR register (i.e. as output) and setting the DOUT bit to output a high level or clearing the DOUT bit to output a low level. Note: As soon as the TOUT bit is set, The timer pin is configured as output push-pull regardless of the corresponding I/O port control registers setting (if the TIMER pin is multiplexed). Figure 32. Output Mode Control
TIMER
fPRESCALER
TIMER
LATCH
Figure 31. Event Counter Mode Operation
COUNTER VALUE XX1 VALUE 1 TMZ TOUT DOUT
Figure 33. Output Mode Operation
Counter
XX2 TIMER PIN VALUE 2
FFh
TIMER PIN
9.2.4.3 Output mode (TOUT = "1", DOUT = "data out") In Output mode, the TIMER pin is connected to the DOUT latch, hence the Timer prescaler is clocked by theprescaler clock input(fINT/12). See Figure32. The user can select the prescaler division ratio using the PS[2:0] bits in the TSCR register. When TCR decrements to zero, it sets the TMZ bit in the TSCR. The TMZ bit can be tested under program control to perform a timer function whenever it goes high and has to be cleared by the user. The
1
At each zero event DOUT has to be copied to the TIMER pin
1st downcount: Default output value is 0
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8-BIT TIMER (Cont'd) 9.2.5 Low Power Modes
Mode WAIT Description No effect on timer. Timer interrupt events cause the device to exit from WAIT mode. Timer registers are frozen except in Event Counter mode (with external clock on TIMER pin).
9.2.6 Interrupts
Interrupt Event Timer Zero Event Event Flag TMZ Enable Bit ETI Exit from Wait Yes Exit from Stop Yes
STOP
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8-BIT TIMER (Cont'd) 9.2.7 Register Description PRESCALER COUNTER REGISTER (PSCR) Address: 0D2h - Read/Write Reset Value: 0111 1111 (7Fh)
7 0
ETI=0 the timer interrupt is disabled. If ETI=1 and TMZ=1 an interrupt request is generated. 0: Interrupt disabled (reset state) 1: Interrupt enabled Bit 5 = TOUT Timer Output Control. When low, this bit selects the input mode for the TIMER pin. When high the output mode is selected. 0: Input mode (reset state) 1: Output mode, the TIMER pin is configured as push-pull output Bit 4= DOUT Data Output. Data sent to the timer output when TMZ is set high (output mode only). Input mode selection (input mode only). Bit 3 = PSI: Prescaler Initialize bit. Used to initialize the prescaler and inhibit its counting. When PSI="0" the prescaler is set to 7Fh and the counter is inhibited. When PSI="1" the prescaler is enabled to count downwards. As long as PSE="1" both counter and prescaler are not running 0: Counting disabled (reset state) 1: Counting enabled Bit 1:0 = PS[2:0] Prescaler Mux. Select. These bits select the division ratio of the prescaler register. Table 14. Prescaler Division Factors
PS2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 PS1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 PS0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Divided by 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128
PSCR PSCR PSCR PSCR PSCR PSCR PSCR PSCR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bit 7 = PSCR7: Not used, always read as "0". Bit 6:0 = PSCR[6:0] Prescaler LSB. TIMER COUNTER REGISTER (TCR) Address: 0D3h - Read / Write Reset Value: 1111 1111 (FFh)
7 TCR7 TCR6 TCR5 TCR4 TCR3 TCR2 TCR1 0 TCR0
Bit 7:0 = TCR[7:0] Timer counter bits. TIMER STATUS CONTROL REGISTER (TSCR) Address: 0D4h - Read/Write Reset Value: 0000 0000 (00h)
7 TMZ ETI TOUT DOUT PSI PS2 PS1 0 PS0
Bit 7 = TMZ Timer Zero bit. A low-to-high transition indicates that the timer count register has underflowed. It means that the TCR value has changed from 00h to FFh. This bit must be cleared by user software. 0: Counter has not underflowed 1: Counter underflow occurred Bit 6 = ETI Enable Timer Interrupt. When set, enables the timer interrupt request. If
Table 15. 8-Bit Timer Register Map and Reset Values
Address (Hex.) 0D2h 0D3h 0D4h Register Label PSCR Reset Value TCR Reset Value TSCR Reset Value 7 PSCR7 0 TCR7 1 TMZ 0 6 PSCR6 1 TCR6 1 ETI 0 5 PSCR5 1 TCR5 1 TOUT 0 4 PSCR4 1 TCR4 1 DOUT 0 3 PSCR3 1 TCR3 1 PSI 0 2 PSCR2 1 TCR2 1 PS2 0 1 PSCR1 1 TCR1 1 PS1 0 0 PSCR0 1 TCR0 1 PS0 0
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9.3 A/D CONVERTER (ADC) 9.3.1 Introduction The on-chip Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) peripheral is a 8-bit, successive approximation converter. This peripheral has multiplexed analog input channels (refer to device pin out description) that allow the peripheral to convert the analog voltage levels from different sources. The result of the conversion is stored in a 8-bit Data Register. The A/D converter is controlled through a Control Register. 9.3.2 Main Features s 8-bit conversion s Multiplexed analog input channels s Linear successive approximation s Data register (DR) which contains the results s End of Conversion flag s On/off bit (to reduce consumption) s Typical conversion time 70 s (with an 8 MHz crystal) The block diagram is shown in Figure 34.
Figure 34. ADC Block Diagram
fINT
DIV 12
fADC
EAI EOC STA PDS D3
OSC D1 OFF
D0
ADCR
AIN0 AIN1 PORT MUX AINx
I/O PORT
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
DDRx ORx DRx
ADR D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Note: ADC not present on some devices. See device summary on page 1.
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A/D CONVERTER (Cont'd) 9.3.3 Functional description 9.3.3.1 Analog Power Supply The high and low level reference voltage pins are internally connected to the VDD and VSS pins. Conversion accuracy may therefore be impacted by voltage drops and noise in the event of heavily loaded or badly decoupled power supply lines. 9.3.3.2 Digital A/D Conversion Result The conversion is monotonic, meaning that the result never decreases if the analog input does not and never increases if the analog input does not. If the input voltage (VAIN) is greater than or equal to VDDA (high-level voltage reference) then the conversion result in the DR register is FFh (full scale) without overflow indication. If input voltage (VAIN ) is lower than or equal to VSSA (low-level voltage reference) then the conversion result in the DR register is 00h. The A/D converter is linear and the digital result of the conversion is stored in the ADR register. The accuracy of the conversion is described in the parametric section. RAIN is the maximum recommended impedance for an analog input signal. If the impedance is too high, this will result in a loss of accuracy due to leakage and sampling not being completed in the allocated time. Refer to the electrical characteristics chapter for more details. With an oscillator clock frequency less than 1.2MHz, conversion accuracy is decreased. 9.3.3.3 Analog input selection Selection of the input pin is done by configuring the related I/O line as an analog input via the Data Direction, Option and Data registers (refer to I/O ports description for additional information). Warning: Only one I/O line must be configured as an analog input at any time. The user must avoid any situation in which more than one I/O pin is selected as an analog input simultaneously, because they will be shorted internally.
9.3.3.4 Software procedure Refer to the Control register (ADCR) and Data register (ADR) in Section 9.3.7 for the bit definitions. Analog input configuration The analog input must be configured through the Port Control registers (DDRx, ORx and DRx). Refer to the I/O port chapter. ADC configuration In the ADCR register: - Reset the PDS bit to power on the ADC. This bit must be set at least one instruction before the beginning of the conversion to allow stabilisation of the A/D converter. - Set the EAI bit to enable the ADC interrupt if needed. ADC conversion In the ADCR register: - Set the STA bit to start a conversion. This automatically clears (resets to "0") the End Of Conversion Bit (EOC). When a conversion is complete - The EOC bit is set by hardware to flag that conversion is complete and that the data in the ADC data conversion register is valid. - An interrupt is generated if the EAI bit was set Setting the STA bit will start a new count and will clear the EOC bit (thus clearing the interrupt condition) Note: Setting the STA bit must be done by a different instruction from the instruction that powers-on the ADC (setting the PDS bit) in order to make sure the voltage to be converted is present on the pin. Each conversion has to be separately initiated by writing to the STA bit. The STA bit is continuously scanned so that, if the user sets it to "1" while a previous conversion is in progress, a new conversion is started before completing the previous one. The start bit (STA) is a write only bit, any attempt to read it will show a logical "0".
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A/D CONVERTER (Cont'd) 9.3.4 Recommendations The following six notes provide additional information on using the A/D converter. 1.The A/D converter does not feature a sample and hold circuit. The analog voltage to be measured should therefore be stable during the entire conversion cycle. Voltage variation should not exceed 1/2 LSB for optimum conversion accuracy. A low pass filter may be used at the analog input pins to reduce input voltage variation during conversion. 2. When selected as an analog channel, the input pin is internally connected to a capacitor Cad of typically 9pF. For maximum accuracy, this capacitor must be fully charged at the beginning of conversion. In the worst case, conversion starts one instruction (6.5 s) after the channel has been selected. The impedance of the analog voltage source (ASI) in worst case conditions, is calculated using the following formula: 6.5s = 9 x Cad x ASI (capacitor charged to over 99.9%), i.e. 30 k including a 50% guardband. The ASI can be higher if Cad has been charged for a longer period by adding instructions before the start of conversion (adding more than 26 CPU cycles is pointless). 3. Since the ADC is on the same chip as the microprocessor, the user should not switch heavily loaded output signals during conversion, if high precision is required. Such switching will affect the supply voltages used as analog references. 4. Conversion accuracy depends on the quality of the power supplies (VDD and VSS). The user must take special care to ensure a well regulated reference voltage is present on the V DD and VSS pins (power supply voltage variations must be less than 0.1V/ms). This implies, in particular, that a suitable decoupling capacitor is used at the VDD pin. The converter resolution is given by:
V -V DD SS ------------------------------256
bances and power supply variations due to output switching. Nevertheless, the WAIT instruction should be executed as soon as possible after the beginning of the conversion, because execution of the WAIT instruction may cause a small variation of the VDD voltage. The negative effect of this variation is minimized at the beginning of the conversion when the converter is less sensitive, rather than at the end of conversion, when the least significant bits are determined. The best configuration, from an accuracy standpoint, is WAIT mode with the Timer stopped. In this case only the ADC peripheral and the oscillator are then still working. The MCU must be woken up from WAIT mode by the ADC interrupt at the end of the conversion. The microcontroller can also be woken up by the Timer interrupt, but this means the Timer must be running and the resulting noise could affect conversion accuracy. Caution: When an I/O pin is used as an analog input, A/D conversion accuracy will be impaired if negative current injections (VINJ < VSS) occur from adjacent I/O pins with analog input capability. Refer to Figure 35. To avoid this: - Use another I/O port located further away from the analog pin, preferably not multiplexed on the A/D converter - Increase the input resistance RIN J (to reduce the current injections) and reduce RADC (to preserve conversion accuracy). Figure 35. Leakage from Digital Inputs
Digital Input RINJ VINJ PBy/AINy
I/O Port (Digital I/O)
The Input voltage (Ain) which is to be converted must be constant for 1s before conversion and remain constant during conversion. 5. Conversion resolution can be improved if the power supply voltage (VDD) to the microcontroller is lowered. 6. In order to optimize the conversion resolution, the user can configure the microcontroller in WAIT mode, because this mode minimises noise distur-
Leakage Current if VINJ < VSS
Analog Input RADC PBx/AINx VAIN
A/D Converter
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A/D CONVERTER (Cont'd) 9.3.5 Low power modes
Mode WAIT STOP Description No effect on A/D Converter. ADC interrupts cause the device to exit from Wait mode. A/D Converter disabled.
cally cleared when the STA bit is set. Data in the data conversion register are valid only when this bit is set to "1". 0: Conversion is not complete 1: Conversion can be read from the DR register Bit 5 = STA: Start of Conversion. Write Only. 0: No effect 1: Start conversion Note: Setting this bit automatically clears the EOC bit. If the bit is set again when a conversion is in progress, the present conversion is stopped and a new one will take place. This bit is write only, any attempt to read it will show a logical zero. Bit 4 = PDS Power Down Selection. 0: A/D converter is switched off 1: A/D converter is switched on Bit 3 = D3 Not used, must be kept cleared. Bit 2 = OSCOFF Main Oscillator off. 0: Main Oscillator enabled 1: Main Oscillator disabled Note: This bit does not apply to the ADC peripheral but to the main clock system. Refer to the Clock System section. Bit 1:0 = D[1:0] Not used, must be kept cleared. A/D CONVERTER DATA REGISTER (ADR) Address: 0D1h - Read only Reset value: xxh
7 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 0 D0
Note: The A/D converter may be disabled by clearing the PDS bit. This feature allows reduced power consumption when no conversion is needed. 9.3.6 Interrupts
Interrupt Event End of Conversion Event Flag EOC Enable Bit EAI Exit from Wait Yes Exit from Stop No
Note: The EOC bit is cleared only when a new conversion is started (it cannot be cleared by writing 0). To avoid generating further EOC interrupt, the EAI bit has to be cleared within the ADC interrupt subroutine. 9.3.7 Register description A/D CONVERTER CONTROL REGISTER (ADCR) Address: 0D0h - Read/Write (Bit 6 Read Only, Bit 5 Write Only) Reset value: 01000 0000 (40h)
7 EAI EOC STA PDS D3 OSC OFF D1 0 D0
Bit 7 = EAI Enable A/D Interrupt. 0: ADC interrupt disabled 1: ADC interrupt enabled Bit 6 = EOC End of conversion. Read Only When a conversion has been completed, this bit is set by hardware and an interrupt request is generated if the EAI bit is set. The EOC bit is automatiTable 16. ADC Register Map and Reset Values
Address (Hex.) 0D0h 0D1h Register Label ADR Reset Value ADCR Reset Value 7 D7 0 EAI 0 6 D6 0 EOC 1 5 D5 0 STA 0
Bit 7:0 = D[7:0]: 8 Bit A/D Conversion Result.
4 D4 0 PDS 0
3 D3 0 D3 0
2 D2 0 D2 0
1 D1 0 D1 0
0 D0 0 D0 0
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10 INSTRUCTION SET
10.1 ST6 ARCHITECTURE The ST6 architecture has been designed for maximum efficiency while keeping byte usage to a minimum; in short, to provide byte-efficient programming. The ST6 core has the ability to set or clear any register or RAM location bit in Data space using a single instruction. Furthermore, programs can branch to a selected address depending on the status of any bit in Data space. 10.2 ADDRESSING MODES The ST6 has nine addressing modes, which are described in the following paragraphs. Three different address spaces are available: Program space, Data space, and Stack space. Program space contains the instructions which are to be executed, plus the data for immediate mode instructions. Data space contains the Accumulator, the X, Y, V and W registers, peripheral and Input/Output registers, the RAM locations and Data ROM locations (for storage of tables and constants). Stack space contains six 12-bit RAM cells used to stack the return addresses for subroutines and interrupts. Immediate. In immediate addressing mode, the operand of the instruction follows the opcode location. As the operand is a ROM byte, the immediate addressing mode is used to access constants which do not change during program execution (e.g., a constant used to initialize a loop counter). Direct. In direct addressing mode, the address of the byte which is processed by the instruction is stored in the location which follows the opcode. Direct addressing allows the user to directly address the 256 bytes in Data Space memory with a single two-byte instruction. Short Direct. The core can address the four RAM registers X, Y, V, W (locations 80h, 81h, 82h, 83h) in short-direct addressing mode. In this case, the instruction is only one byte and the selection of the location to be processed is contained in the opcode. Short direct addressing is a subset of direct addressing mode. (Note that 80h and 81h are also indirect registers). Extended. In extended addressing mode, the 12bit address needed to define the instruction is obtained by concatenating the four least significant bits of the opcode with the byte following the opcode. The instructions (JP, CALL) which use extended addressing mode are able to branch to any address in the 4 Kbyte Program space. Extended addressing mode instructions are two bytes long. Program Counter Relative. Relative addressing mode is only used in conditional branch instructions. The instruction is used to perform a test and, if the condition is true, a branch with a span of -15 to +16 locations next to the address of the relative instruction. If the condition is not true, the instruction which follows the relative instruction is executed. Relative addressing mode instructions are one byte long. The opcode is obtained by adding the three most significant bits which characterize the test condition, one bit which determines whether it is a forward branch (when it is 0) or backward branch (when it is 1) and the four least significant bits which give the span of the branch (0h to Fh) which must be added or subtracted from the address of the relative instruction to obtain the branch destination address. Bit Direct. In bit direct addressing mode, the bit to be set or cleared is part of the opcode, and the byte following the opcode points to the address of the byte in which the specified bit must be set or cleared. Thus, any bit in the 256 locations of Data space memory can be set or cleared. Bit Test & Branch. Bit test and branch addressing mode is a combination of direct addressing and relative addressing. Bit test and branch instructions are three bytes long. The bit identification and the test condition are included in the opcode byte. The address of the byte to be tested is given in the next byte. The third byte is the jump displacement, which is in the range of -127 to +128. This displacement can be determined using a label, which is converted by the assembler. Indirect. In indirect addressing mode, the byte processed by the register-indirect instruction is at the address pointed to by the content of one of the indirect registers, X or Y (80h, 81h). The indirect register is selected by bit 4 of the opcode. Register indirect instructions are one byte long. Inherent. In inherent addressing mode, all the information necessary for executing the instruction is contained in the opcode. These instructions are one byte long.
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10.3 INSTRUCTION SET The ST6 offers a set of 40 basic instructions which, when combined with nine addressing modes, yield 244 usable opcodes. They can be divided into six different types: load/store, arithmetic/logic, conditional branch, control instructions, jump/call, and bit manipulation. The following paragraphs describe the different types. All the instructions belonging to a given type are presented in individual tables. Table 17. Load & Store Instructions
Instruction LD LD LD LD LD A, X A, Y A, V A, W X, A Short Short Short Short Short Addressing Mode Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Bytes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 Cycles 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Flags Z * C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Load & Store. These instructions use one, two or three bytes depending on the addressing mode. For LOAD, one operand is the Accumulator and the other operand is obtained from data memory using one of the addressing modes. For Load Immediate, one operand can be any of the 256 data space bytes while the other is always immediate data.
LD Y, A LD V, A LD W, A LD A, rr LD rr, A LD A, (X) LD A, (Y) LD (X), A LD (Y), A LDI A, #N LDI rr, #N
Short Direct Short Direct Short Direct Direct Direct Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect Immediate Immediate
Legend: X, Y Index Registers, V, W Short Direct Registers # Immediate data (stored in ROM memory) rr Data space register Affected * Not Affected
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INSTRUCTION SET (Cont'd) Arithmetic and Logic. These instructions are used to perform arithmetic calculations and logic operations. In AND, ADD, CP, SUB instructions one operand is always the accumulator while, depending on the addressing mode, the other can be Table 18. Arithmetic & Logic Instructions
Instruction ADD A, (X) ADD A, (Y) ADD A, rr ADDI A, #N AND A, (X) AND A, (Y) AND A, rr ANDI A, #N CLR A CLR r COM A CP A, (X) CP A, (Y) CP A, rr CPI A, #N DEC X DEC Y DEC V DEC W DEC A DEC rr DEC (X) DEC (Y) INC X INC Y INC V INC W INC A INC rr INC (X) INC (Y) RLC A SLA A SUB A, (X) SUB A, (Y) SUB A, rr SUBI A, #N
Notes: X,Y Index Registers V, W Short Direct Registers Affected
either a data space memory location or an immediate value. In CLR, DEC, INC instructions the operand can be any of the 256 data space addresses. In COM, RLC, SLA the operand is always the accumulator.
Addressing Mode Indirect Indirect Direct Immediate Indirect Indirect Direct Immediate Short Direct Direct Inherent Indirect Indirect Direct Immediate Short Direct Short Direct Short Direct Short Direct Direct Direct Indirect Indirect Short Direct Short Direct Short Direct Short Direct Direct Direct Indirect Indirect Inherent Inherent Indirect Indirect Direct Immediate
Bytes 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2
Cycles 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Flags Z * C * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
# Immediate data (stored in ROM memory) * Not Affected rr Data space register
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INSTRUCTION SET (Cont'd) Conditional Branch. Branch instructions perform a branch in the program when the selected condition is met. Bit Manipulation Instructions. These instructions can handle any bit in Data space memory. One group either sets or clears. The other group (see Conditional Branch) performs the bit test branch operations. Table 19. Conditional Branch Instructions
Instruction JRC e JRNC e JRZ e JRNZ e JRR b, rr, ee JRS b, rr, ee Branch If C=1 C=0 Z=1 Z=0 Bit = 0 Bit = 1 Bytes 1 1 1 1 3 3
rr *
Control Instructions. Control instructions control microcontroller operations during program execution. Jump and Call. These two instructions are used to perform long (12-bit) jumps or subroutine calls to any location in the whole program space.
Cycles 2 2 2 2 5 5
Flags Z * * * * * * C * * * *
Notes: b 3-bit address e 5 bit signed displacement in the range -15 to +16 ee 8 bit signed displacement in the range -126 to +129
Data space register Affected. The tested bit is shifted into carry. Not Affected
Table 20. Bit Manipulation Instructions
Instruction SET b,rr RES b,rr Addressing Mode Bit Direct Bit Direct Bytes 2 2 Cycles 4 4 Flags Z * * C * *
Notes: b 3-bit address * Not Affected rr Data space register Bit Manipulation Instructions should not be used on Port Data Registers and any registers with read only and/or write only bits (see I/O port chapter)
Table 21. Control Instructions
Instruction NOP RET RETI STOP (1) WAIT Addressing Mode Inherent Inherent Inherent Inherent Inherent Bytes 1 1 1 1 1 Cycles 2 2 2 2 2 Flags Z * * * * C * * * *
Notes: 1. This instruction is deactivated and a WAIT is automatically executed instead of a STOP if the watchdog function is selected. Affected *Not Affected
Table 22. Jump & Call Instructions
Instruction CALL abc JP abc
Notes: abc 12-bit address * Not Affected
Addressing Mode Extended Extended
Bytes 2 2
Cycles 4 4
Flags Z * * C * *
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Opcode Map Summary. The following table contains an opcode map for the instructions used by the ST6
LOW HI 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 1100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 0000 JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr RNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 1 0001 CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext CALL abc ext 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 0010 JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 0011 JRR b0,rr,ee bt JRS b0,rr,ee bt JRR b4,rr,ee bt JRS b4,rr,ee bt JRR b2,rr,ee bt JRS b2,rr,ee bt JRR b6,rr,ee bt JRS b6,rr,ee bt JRR b1,rr,ee bt JRS b1,rr,ee bt JRR b5,rr,ee bt JRS b5,rr,ee bt JRR b3,rr,ee bt JRS b3,rr,ee bt JRR b7,rr,ee bt JRS b7,rr,ee bt 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 pcr 1 pcr JRZ 4 a,w sd 1 pcr 1 JRZ # 1 LD 2 e prc pcr JRZ 4 w sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC pcr 1 JRZ # 1 INC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 a,v sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ # 1 LD 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 v sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ # 1 INC 2 e prc JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 a,y sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC # AND a,(x) ind ANDI a,nn imm SUB a,(x) ind SUBI a,nn imm DEC (x) ind # pcr 1 JRZ # 1 LD 2 e prc JRC 4 (x),a ind pcr JRZ 4 y sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC pcr JRZ 4 a,x pcr 1 JRZ # 1 INC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ # 1 LD 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 x sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 4 0100 JRZ # 1 INC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 5 0101 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 6 0110 JRC 4 a,(x) ind LDI a,nn imm CP a,(x) ind CPI a,nn imm ADD a,(x) ind ADDI a,nn imm INC (x) ind # LD 7 0111 LD LOW HI 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 1100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111
Abbreviations for Addressing Modes: dir Direct sd Short Direct imm Immediate inh Inherent ext Extended b.d Bit Direct bt Bit Test pcr Program Counter Relative ind Indirect
Legend: # Indicates Ill egal Instructions e 5-bit Displacement b 3-bit Address rr 1-byte Data space address nn 1-byte immediate data abc 12-bit address ee 8-bit displacement
Cycles Operands Bytes Addressing Mode
2 e 1
JRC prc
Mnemonic
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Opcode Map Summary (Continued)
LOW HI 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 1100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 8 1000 JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr RNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr JRNZ e pcr 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 4 abc 2 ext 1 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 ext 1 JP 2 9 1001 JP 2 A 1010 JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr JRNC e pcr 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 B 1011 RES b0,rr b.d SET b0,rr b.d RES b4,rr b.d SET b4,rr b.d RES b2,rr b.d SET b2,rr b.d RES b6,rr b.d SET b6,rr b.d RES b1,rr b.d SET b1,rr b.d RES b5,rr b.d SET b5,rr b.d RES b3,rr b.d SET b3,rr b.d RES b7,rr b.d SET b7,rr b.d 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 2 e 1 pcr 1 pcr 1 JRZ 4 w,a sd 1 inh 1 LD 2 e prc 2 pcr 1 JRZ 2 pcr 1 JRZ 4 w sd 1 WAIT 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 inh 1 DEC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ 2 pcr 1 JRZ 4 v,a sd 1 RET 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ 4 a inh 1 LD 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 v sd 1 RCL 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ # 1 DEC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ 4 y,a sd 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 inh 1 LD 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ 2 pcr 1 JRZ 4 y sd 1 STOP 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 inh 1 DEC 2 e prc 2 JRC 4 pcr JRZ 4 x,a pcr 1 JRZ 2 sd 1 RETI 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 pcr 1 JRZ 4 pcr 3 JRZ 4 C 1100 JRZ 4 D 1101 LDI 2 rr,nn imm DEC x sd COM a e 1 2 e 1 2 e prc 1 JRC 4 e prc 2 JRC 4 a,rr dir ADD a,(y) ind ADD a,rr dir INC (y) ind INC rr dir LD (y),a ind LD rr,a dir AND a,(y) ind AND a,rr dir SUB a,(y) ind SUB a,rr dir DEC (y) ind DEC rr dir prc 2 JRC 4 a,(y) ind CP prc 1 JRC 4 a,rr dir CP E 1110 JRC 4 a,(y) ind LD F 1111 LD LOW HI 0 0000 1 0001 2 0010 3 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6 0110 7 0111 8 1000 9 1001 A 1010 B 1011 C 1100 D 1101 E 1110 F 1111
1 LD 2
Abbreviations for Addressing Modes: dir Direct sd Short Direct imm Immediate inh Inherent ext Extended b.d Bit Direct bt Bit Test pcr Program Counter Relative ind Indirect
Legend: # Indicates Ill egal Instructions e 5-bit Displacement b 3-bit Address rr 1-byte Data space address nn 1-byte immediate data abc 12-bit address ee 8-bit Displacement
Cycles Operands Bytes Addressing Mode
2 e 1
JRC prc
Mnemonic
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11 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
11.1 PARAMETER CONDITIONS Unless otherwise specified, all voltages are referred to VSS. 11.1.1 Minimum and Maximum values Unless otherwise specified the minimum and maximum values are guaranteed in the worst conditions of ambient temperature, supply voltage and frequencies by tests in production on 100% of the devices with an ambient temperature at TA=25C and TA=TAmax (given by the selected temperature range). Data based on characterization results, design simulation and/or technology characteristics are indicated in the table footnotes and are not tested in production. Based on characterization, the minimum and maximum values refer to sample tests and represent the mean value plus or minus three times the standard deviation (mean3). 11.1.2 Typical values Unless otherwise specified, typical data are based on TA=25C, VDD=5V (for the 4.5VVDD5.5V voltage range) and VDD =3.3V (for the 3VVDD3.6V voltage range). They are given only as design guidelines and are not tested. 11.1.3 Typical curves Unless otherwise specified, all typical curves are given only as design guidelines and are not tested. 11.1.4 Loading capacitor The loading conditions used for pin parameter measurement is shown in Figure 36. Figure 36. Pin loading conditions
ST6 PIN
CL
11.1.5 Pin input voltage The input voltage measurement on a pin of the device is described in Figure 37. Figure 37. Pin input voltage
ST6 PIN
VIN
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11.2 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Stresses above those listed as "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device under these condi11.2.1 Voltage Characteristics
Symbol VDD - VSS VIN VESD(HBM) Supply voltage Input voltage on any pin 1) & 2) Electro-static discharge voltage (Human Body Model) Ratings
tions is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Maximum value 7 V SS-0.3 to VDD +0.3 3500
Unit V
11.2.2 Current Characteristics
Symbol IVDD IVSS IIO Ratings Total current into VDD power lines (source) 3) Total current out of VSS ground lines (sink) 3) Output current sunk by any standard I/O and control pin Output current sunk by any high sink I/O pin Output current source by any I/Os and control pin IINJ(PIN) 2) & 4) Injected current on RESET pin Injected current on any other pin Maximum value 80 100 20 40 15
5 5
Unit
mA
11.2.3 Thermal Characteristics
Symbol T STG TJ Ratings Storage temperature range Maximum junction temperature (see THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS section) Value -60 to +150 Unit C
Notes: 1. Directly connecting the RESET and I/O pins to VDD or VSS could damage the device if an unintentional internal reset is generated or an unexpected change of the I/O configuration occurs (for example, due to a corrupted program counter). To guarantee safe operation, this connection has to be done through a pull-up or pull-down resistor (typical: 4.7k for RESET, 10k for I/Os). Unused I/O pins must be tied in the same way to VDD or VSS according to their reset configuration. 2. When the current limitation is not possible, the VIN absolute maximum rating must be respected, otherwise refer to I INJ(PIN) specification. A positive injection is induced by VIN>V DD while a negative injection is induced by VIN63/105
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11.3 OPERATING CONDITIONS 11.3.1 General Operating Conditions
Symbol VDD Parameter Supply voltage Condi tions see Figure 38 VDD=3.0V, 1 & 6 Suffix fOSC Oscillator frequency VDD=3.0V, 3 Suffix VDD=3.6V, 1 & 6Suffix VDD=3.6V, 3 Suffix fOSC=4MHz, 1 & 6 Suffix VDD Operating Supply Voltage fOSC=4MHz, 3 Suffix fOSC=8MHz, 1 & 6 Suffix fOSC=8MHz, 3 Suffix 1 Suffix Version TA Ambient temperature range 6 Suffix Version 3 Suffix Version Notes: 1. An oscillator frequency above 1.2MHz is recommended for reliable A/D results. 2. Operating conditions with TA=-40 to +125C. Min 3.0 0 1) 0 1) 0 1) 0 1) 3.0 3.0 3.6 4.5 0 -40 -40 Max 6 4 4 8 4 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 70 85 125 C V MHz Unit V
Figure 38. fOSC Maximum Operating Frequency Versus VDD Supply Voltage for OTP & ROM devices
fOSC [MHz] 1 & 6 suffix version 8 FUNCTIONALITY NOT GUARANTEED IN THIS AREA 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VDD) 3 suffix version 3 fOSG 2
fOSG Min
2.5
3
3.6
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
1. In this area, operation is guaranteed at the quartz crystal frequency. 2. When the OSG is disabled, operation in this area is guaranteed at the crystal frequency. When the OSG is enabled, operation in this area is guaranteed at a frequency of at least fOSG Min. 3. When the OSG is disabled, operation in this area is guaranteed at the quartz crystal frequency. When the OSG is enabled, access to this area is prevented. The internal frequency is kept at fOSG .
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OPERATING CONDITIONS (Cont'd) 11.3.2 Operating Conditions with Low Voltage Detector (LVD) Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA .
Symbol VIT+ VITVhys VtPOR tg(VDD) Parameter Reset release threshold (VDD rise) Reset generation threshold (VDD fall) LVD voltage threshold hysteresis VDD rise time rate 2) Filtered glitch delay on VDD 3) Not detected by the LVD 30 VIT+-VITCondition s Min 3.9 3.6 50 Typ 1) 4.1 3.8 300 Max 4.3 V 4 700 mV mV/s ns Unit
Notes: 1. LVD typical data are based on TA=25C. They are given only as design guidelines and are not tested. 2. The minimum VDD rise time rate is needed to insure a correct device power-on and LVD reset. Not tested in production. 3. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production.
Figure 39. LVD Threshold Versus VDD and fOSC3)
fOSC [MHz] DEVICE UNDER 8 RESET IN THIS AREA 4 0 2.5 3 3.5 VIT-3.6 FUNCTIONALI TY NOT GUARANTEED IN THIS AREA
FUNCTIONAL AREA SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
Figure 40. Typical LVD Thresholds Versus Temperature for OTP devices
Figure 41. Typical LVD thresholds Temperature for ROM devices
vs.
Thresholds [V] 4.2
Thresholds [V] 4.2
4
4
3.8
VIT+ up Vdd VIT- down Vdd
3.8
V IT+ up Vdd V IT- down Vdd
3.6 -40C 25C T [C] 95C 125C
3.6 -40C 25C T [C] 95C 125C
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11.4 SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS The following current consumption specified for the ST6 functional operating modes over temperature range does not take into account the clock source current consumption. To get the total de11.4.1 RUN Modes
Symbol Parameter 3VVDD3.6V 4.5VVDD5.5V
vice consumption, the two current values must be added (except for STOP mode for which the clock is stopped).
Conditions fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz
Typ 1) 0.5 1.3 1.6 2.2 3.3 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.8
Max 2) 0.7 1.7 2.4 3.3 4.8 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.3
Unit
Supply current in RUN mode (see Figure 42 & Figure 43) IDD
3)
mA
Supply current in RUN mode 3) (see Figure 42 & Figure 43)
Notes: 1. Typical data are based on TA=25C, VDD=5V (4.5VV DD5.5V range) and VDD=3.3V (3VVDD3.6V range). 2. Data based on characterization results, tested in production at VDD max. and fOSC max. 3. CPU running with memory access, all I/O pins in input with pull-up mode (no load), all peripherals in reset state; clock input (OSCIN) driven by external square wave, OSG and LVD disabled, option bytes not programmed.
Figure 42. Typical IDD in RUN vs. fCPU
IDD [mA] 5 8MHz 4MHz 4 2MHz 1MHz 32KHz
Figure 43. Typical IDD in RUN vs. Temperature (VDD = 5V)
IDD [mA] 3.5 3 2.5 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 32KHz
3 2 2 1.5 1 1 0.5 0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 0 -40 25 T[C]
95
125
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SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.4.2 WAIT Modes
Symbol Parameter Supply current in WAIT mode 3) Option bytes not programmed (see Figure 44) 4.5VVDD5.5V Conditio ns fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz Typ 1) 330 350 370 410 480 18 26 41 57 70 190 210 240 280 350 80 90 100 120 150 5 8 16 18 20 60 65 80 100 130 Max 2) 550 600 650 700 800 60 80 120 180 200 300 350 400 500 600 120 140 150 200 250 30 40 50 60 100 100 110 120 150 210 Unit
Supply current in WAIT mode 3) Option bytes programmed to 00H (see Figure 45)
Supply current in WAIT mode (see Figure 46) IDD
3)
ROM devices
OTP devices
A
Supply current in WAIT mode 3) Option bytes programmed to 00H (see Figure 45)
3VVDD3.6V
Supply current in WAIT mode 3) Option bytes not programmed (see Figure 46)
Notes: 1. Typical data are based on TA=25C, VDD=5V (4.5VV DD5.5V range) and VDD=3.3V (3VVDD3.6V range). 2. Data based on characterization results, tested in production at VDD max. and fOSC max. 3. All I/O pins in input with pull-up mode (no load), all peripherals in reset state; clock input (OSC IN) driven by external square wave, OSG and LVD disabled.
ROM devices
OTP devices
Supply current in WAIT mode 3) Option bytes not programmed (see Figure 44)
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SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 44. Typical IDD in WAIT vs fCPU and Temperature for OTP devices with option bytes not programmed
IDD [A] 800 8MHz 700 600 500 400 300 200 300 100 0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 200 -40 25 T[C] 95 125 400 500 4MHz 2MHz 1M 32KHz 600 IDD [A] 700 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 32KHz
Figure 45. Typical IDD in WAIT vs fCPU and Temperature for OTP devices with option bytes programmed to 00H
IDD [A] 120 8MHz 4MHz 100 2MHz 70 80 60 60 50 40 30 20 20 0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 10 -20 25 T[C] 95 1M 32KHz 80 IDD [A] 90 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 32KHz
40
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SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 46. Typical IDD in WAIT vs fCPU and Temperature for ROM devices
IDD [A] 600 8MHz 4MHz 500 2MHz 350 400 300 300 250 200 200 100 150 100 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 -20 25 T[C] 95 125 1M 32KHz 400 IDD [A] 450 8MHz 4MHz 2MHz 1MHz 32KHz
0
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SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.4.3 STOP Mode
Symbol Parameter Supply current in STOP mode 2) (see Figure 47 & Figure 48) OTP devices ROM devices Conditio ns Typ 1) 0.3 0.1 Max 10 3) 20 4) 2 3) 20 4) Unit A
IDD
Notes: 1. Typical data are based on VDD=5.0V at TA=25C. 2. All I/O pins in input with pull-up mode (no load), all peripherals in reset state, OSG and LVD disabled, option bytes programmed to 00H. Data based on characterization results, tested in production at VDD max. and fCPU max. 3. Maximum STOP consumption for -40CFigure 47. Typical IDD in STOP vs Temperature for OTP devices
IDD [nA] 1200 Ta=-40C 1000 Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
Figure 48. Typical IDD in STOP vs Temperature for ROM devices
IDD [nA] Ta=-40C 1500 Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
800 1000 600
400 500 200
0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6
0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6
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SUPPLY CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.4.4 Supply and Clock System The previous current consumption specified for the ST6 functional operating modes over temperature range does not take into account the clock
Symbol Parameter
source current consumption. To get the total device consumption, the two current values must be added (except for STOP mode).
Condit ions Typ 1) 230 260 340 480 80 110 180 320 900 280 240 140 40 120 70 50 20 10 102 40 170 A Max 2) Unit
Supply current of RC oscillator
fOSC=32kHz, fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MH fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz, fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MH fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz, fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MH fOSC=8MHz fOSC=32kHz, fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz fOSC=4MH fOSC=8MHz
VDD=5.0V
VDD=3.3V
IDD(CK)
VDD=5.0V
Supply current of resonator oscillator
VDD=3.3V
IDD(LFAO) IDD(OSG) IDD(LVD)
LFAO supply current 3) OSG supply current 4) LVD supply current
5)
VDD=5.0V VDD=5.0V VDD=5.0V
11.4.5 On-Chip Peripherals
Symbol IDD(TIM) I DD(ADC) Parameter 8-bit Timer supply current 6) ADC supply current when converting 7) Conditions fOSC=8MHz fOSC=8MHz VDD=5.0V VDD=3.3V VDD=5.0V VDD=3.3V Typ 1) 170 100 80 50 Unit
A
Notes: 1. Typical data are based on TA=25C. 2. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 3. Data based on a differential IDD measurement between reset configuration ning (also includes the OSG stand alone consumption). 4. Data based on a differential IDD measurement between reset configuration 5. Data based on a differential IDD measurement between reset configuration 6. Data based on a differential IDD measurement between reset configuration 7. Data based on a differential IDD measurement between reset configuration
(OSG and LFAO disabled) and LFAO runwith OSG disabled and OSG enabled. with LVD disabled and LVD enabled. (timer disabled) and timer running. and continuous A/D conversions.
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11.5 CLOCK AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA . 11.5.1 General Timings
Symbol tc(INST) tv(IT) Parameter Instruction cycle time Interrupt reaction time tv(IT) = tc(INST) + 6
2)
Conditi ons
Min 2
Typ 1) 4 6.5
Max 5 8.125 11 17.875
Unit tCPU s tCPU s
fCPU=8MHz fCPU=8MHz
3.25 6 9.75
11.5.2 External Clock Source
Symbol VOSCINH VOSCINL Parameter OSCIN input pin high level voltage OSCIN input pin low level voltage see Figure 49 ns VSSVINVDD 2 A Conditions Min 0.7xV DD VSS Typ Max VDD 0.3xVDD Unit V
tw(OSCINH) OSCIN high or low time 3) tw(OSCINL) tr(OSCIN) tf(OSCIN) IL OSCIN rise or fall time 3) OSCx Input leakage current
Notes: 1. Data based on typical application software. 2. Time measured between interrupt event and interrupt vector fetch. tc(INST) is the number of tCPU cycles needed to finish the current instruction execution. 3. Data based on design simulation and/or technology characteristics, not tested in production.
Figure 49. Typical Application with an External Clock Source
90% VOSCINH 10%
VOSCINL tr(OSCIN) tf(OSCIN) tw(OSCINH) tw(OSCINL)
Not connected
OSCOUT
fOSC EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE OSCIN IL ST62XX
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CLOCK AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.5.3 Crystal and Ceramic Resonator Oscillators The ST6 internal clock can be supplied with severtypical external components. Refer to the crystal/ al different Crystal/Ceramic resonator oscillators. ceramic resonator manufacturer for more details All the information given in this paragraph are (frequency, package, accuracy...). based on characterization results with specified
Symbol RF C L1 C L2 Feedback resistor fOSC=32kHz, Recommended load capacitances versus equiva- fOSC=1MHz fOSC=2MHz lent crystal or ceramic resonator frequency fOSC=4MH fOSC=8MHz Parameter Conditions Typ 3 120 47 33 33 22 Unit M
pF
Oscillator
Typical Crystal or Ceramic Resonators Reference CSB455E MURATA Freq. Characteristic
1)
C L1 C L2 tSU(osc) [pF] [pF] [ms] 1) 220 220 100 100 47 47 15 47 47 15
Ceramic
455KHz fOSC=[0.5KHztolerance,0.3%Ta,0.5%aging] 1MHz fOSC=[0.5KHztolerance,0.3%Ta,0.5%aging] CSB1000J CSTCC2.00MG0H6 2MHz fOSC=[0.5%tolerance,0.5%Ta,0.3%aging] 4MHz 8MHz fOSC=[0.5%tolerance,0.3%Ta,0.3%aging] fOSC=[0.5%tolerance,0.3%Ta,0.3%aging]
CSTCC4.00MG0H6 CSTCC8.00MG
Notes: 1. Resonator characteristics given by the crystal/ceramic resonator manufacturer. 2. tSU(OSC) is the typical oscillator start-up time measured between VDD=2.8V and the fetch of the first instruction (with a quick VDD ramp-up from 0 to 5V (<50s). 3. The oscillator selection can be optimized in terms of supply current using an high quality resonator with small RS value. Refer to crystal/ceramic resonator manufacturer for more details.
Figure 50. Typical Application with a Crystal or Ceramic Resonator
VDD CL1 OSCIN
RESONATOR OSCOUT CL2
RF
FOSC
ST62XX
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CLOCK AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.5.4 RC Oscillator The ST6 internal clock can be supplied with an external RC oscillator.
Symbol Parameter 3VVDD3.6V 4.5VVDD5.5V Conditio ns RNET=22K RNET=47K RNET=100K RNET=220K RNET=470K RNET=22K RNET=47K RNET=100K RNET=220K RNET=470K see Figure 52 & Figure 53 Min 7.2 5.1 3.2 1.8 0.9 3.7 2.8 1.8 1 0.5 22 Typ 8.6 5.7 3.4 1.9 0.95 4.3 3 1.9 1.1 0.55 Max 10 6.5 3.8 2 1.1 4.9 3.3 2 1.2 0.6 870 K Unit
fOSC
RC oscillator frequency 1)
MHz
R NET
RC Oscillator external resistor 2)
Notes: 1. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. These measurements were done with the OSCin pin unconnected (only soldered on the PCB). 2. RNET must have a positive temperature coefficient (ppm/C), carbon resistors should therefore not be used.
Figure 51. Typical Application with RC oscillator
EXTERNAL RC OSCOUT
VDD
VDD
CURRENT COPY RNET VDD fOSC OSCIN NC
CEX~9pFDISCHARGE
ST62XX
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CLOCK AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 52. Typical RC Oscillator frequency vs. RNET
fosc [MHz] 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Rnet=22KOhm Rnet=47KOhm Rnet=100KOhm Rnet=220KOhm Rnet=470KOhm 10 8 6 4 2 0 -40 25 Ta [C] 95 125
Figure 53. Typical RC Oscillator frequency vs. Temperature (VDD = 5V)
fosc [MHz] Rnet=22KOhm Rnet=47KOhm Rnet=100KOhm Rnet=220KOhm Rnet=470KOhm
11.5.5 Oscillator Safeguard (OSG) and Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator (LFAO)
Symbol fLFAO fOSG Parameter Low Frequency Auxiliary Oscillator Frequency 1) Internal Frequency with OSG enabled Conditions TA=25C, V DD=5.0V TA=25C, V DD=3.3V TA=25C, V DD=4.5V TA=25C, V DD=3.3V Min 200 86 4 2 Typ 350 150 Max 800 340 Unit kHz MHz
Figure 54. Typical LFAO Frequencies
fosc [kHz] 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=125C
Note: 1. Data based on characterization results.
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11.6 MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified. 11.6.1 RAM and Hardware Registers
Symbol VRM Parameter Data retention1) Conditi ons Min 0.7 Typ Max Unit V
11.6.2 EPROM Program Memory
Symbol tret Data Parameter retention 2) Conditions TA =+55C
3)
Min 10
Typ
Max
Unit years
Figure 55. EPROM Retention Time vs. Temperature
Retention time [Years] 100000 10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Temperature [C]
Notes: 1. Minimum VDD supply voltage without losing data stored in RAM (in STOP mode or under RESET) or in hardware registers (only in STOP mode). Guaranteed by construction, not tested in production. 2. Data based on reliability test results and monitored in production. 3. The data retention time increases when the TA decreases, see Figure 55.
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11.7 EMC CHARACTERISTICS Susceptibility tests are performed on a sample basis during product characterization. 11.7.1 Functional EMS (Electro Magnetic Susceptibility) Based on a simple running application on the product (toggling 2 LEDs through I/O ports), the product is stressed by two electro magnetic events until a failure occurs (indicated by the LEDs). ESD: Electro-Static Discharge (positive and negative) is applied on all pins of the device until a functional disturbance occurs. This test conforms with the IEC 1000-4-2 standard. s FTB: A Burst of Fast Transient voltage (positive and negative) is applied to VDD and VSS through a 100pF capacitor, until a functional disturbance occurs. This test conforms with the IEC 1000-44 standard. A device reset allows normal operations to be resumed.
s
Symbol VFESD V FFTB
Parameter Voltage limits to be applied on any I/O pin to induce a functional disturbance
Condition s VDD=5V, TA=+25C, fOSC=8MHz conforms to IEC 1000-4-2
Neg 1) -2 -2.5
Pos 1) 2
Unit
Fast transient voltage burst limits to be apVDD=5V, TA=+25C, fOSC=8MHz plied through 100pF on VDD and VDD pins conforms to IEC 1000-4-4 to induce a functional disturbance
kV 3
Notes: 1. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 2. The suggested 10nF and 0.1F decoupling capacitors on the power supply lines are proposed as a good price vs. EMC performance tradeoff. They have to be put as close as possible to the device power supply pins. Other EMC recommendations are given in other sections (I/Os, RESET, OSCx pin characteristics).
Figure 56. EMC Recommended star network power supply connection 2)
VDD
POWER SUPPLY SOURCE ST6 DIGITAL NOISE FILTERING (close to the MCU)
ST62XX 10nF 0.1F VDD
VSS
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EMC CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.7.2 Absolute Electrical Sensitivity Based on three different tests (ESD, LU and DLU) using specific measurement methods, the product is stressed in order to determine its performance in terms of electrical sensitivity. For more details, refer to the AN1181 application note. 11.7.2.1 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Electro-Static Discharges (3 positive then 3 negative pulses separated by 1 second) are applied to the pins of each sample according to each pin combination. The sample size depends of the number of supply pins of the device (3 parts*(n+1) supply pin). Two models are usually simulated: Human Body Model and Machine Model. This test conforms to the JESD22-A114A/A115A standard. See Figure 57 and the following test sequences. Human Body Model Test Sequence - CL is loaded through S1 by the HV pulse generator. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol V ESD(HBM) V ESD(MM) Ratings Electro-static discharge voltage (Human Body Model) Electro-static discharge voltage (Machine Model)
- S1 switches position from generator to R. - A discharge from CL through R (body resistance) to the ST6 occurs. - S2 must be closed 10 to 100ms after the pulse delivery period to ensure the ST6 is not left in charge state. S2 must be opened at least 10ms prior to the delivery of the next pulse. Machine Model Test Sequence - CL is loaded through S1 by the HV pulse generator. - S1 switches position from generator to ST6. - A discharge from C L to the ST6 occurs. - S2 must be closed 10 to 100ms after the pulse delivery period to ensure the ST6 is not left in charge state. S2 must be opened at least 10ms prior to the delivery of the next pulse. - R (machine resistance), in series with S2, ensures a slow discharge of the ST6.
Conditions TA=+25C TA=+25C
Maximum value 1) Unit 2000 V 200
Notes: 1. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production.
Figure 57. Typical Equivalent ESD Circuits
S1 R=1500 S1 R=10k~10M
HIGH VOLTAGE PULSE GENERATOR
CL=100pF
ST6
S2
HIGH VOLTAGE PULSE GENERAT OR CL=200pF
ST6
S2
HUMAN BODY MODEL
MACHINE MODEL
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EMC CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.7.2.2 Static and Dynamic Latch-Up s LU: 3 complementary static tests are required on 10 parts to assess the latch-up performance. A supply overvoltage (applied to each power supply pin), a current injection (applied to each input, output and configurable I/O pin) and a power supply switch sequence are performed on each sample. This test conforms to the EIA/ JESD 78 IC latch-up standard. For more details, refer to the AN1181 application note.
s
DLU: Electro-Static Discharges (one positive then one negative test) are applied to each pin of 3 samples when the micro is running to assess the latch-up performance in dynamic mode. Power supplies are set to the typical values, the oscillator is connected as near as possible to the pins of the micro and the component is put in reset mode. This test conforms to the IEC1000-4-2 and SAEJ1752/3 standards and is described in Figure 58. For more details, refer to the AN1181 application note.
Electrical Sensitivities
Symbol LU DLU Parameter Static latch-up class Dynamic latch-up class TA=+25C TA=+85C VDD=5V, fOSC=4MHz, TA =+25C Conditions Class 1) A A
Notes: 1. Class description: A Class is an STMicroelectronics internal specification. All its limits are higher than the JEDEC specifications, that means when a device belongs to Class A it exceeds the JEDEC standard. B Class strictly covers all the JEDEC criteria (international standard). 2. Schaffner NSG435 with a pointed test finger.
Figure 58. Simplified Diagram of the ESD Generator for DLU
RCH=50M RD=330
DISCHAR GE TIP
VDD VSS
CS =150pF ESD GENERATOR 2)
HV RELAY
ST6
DISCHARGE RETURN CONNECTION
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EMC CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.7.3 ESD Pin Protection Strategy To protect an integrated circuit against ElectroStatic Discharge the stress must be controlled to prevent degradation or destruction of the circuit elements. The stress generally affects the circuit elements which are connected to the pads but can also affect the internal devices when the supply pads receive the stress. The elements to be protected must not receive excessive current, voltage or heating within their structure. An ESD network combines the different input and output ESD protections. This network works, by allowing safe discharge paths for the pins subjected to ESD stress. Two critical ESD stress cases are presented in Figure 59 and Figure 60 for standard pins.
Standard Pin Protection To protect the output structure the following elements are added: - A diode to VDD (3a) and a diode from VSS (3b) - A protection device between VDD and VSS (4) To protect the input structure the following elements are added: - A resistor in series with the pad (1) - A diode to VDD (2a) and a diode from VSS (2b) - A protection device between VDD and VSS (4)
Figure 59. Positive Stress on a Standard Pad vs. VSS
VDD VDD
(3a)
(2a)
(1) OUT (4) IN
Main path Path to avoid
(3b) (2b)
VSS
VSS
Figure 60. Negative Stress on a Standard Pad vs. VDD
VDD VDD
(3a)
(2a)
(1) OUT (4) IN
Main path
(3b) (2b)
VSS
VSS
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11.8 I/O PORT PIN CHARACTERISTICS 11.8.1 General Characteristics Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified.
Symbol VIL V IH Vhys IL RPU C IN C OUT tf(IO)out tr(IO)out tw(IT)in Parameter Input low level voltage
2)
Conditions
Min 0.7xVDD
Typ 1)
Max 0.3xVDD
Unit V mV
Input high level voltage 2) Schmitt trigger voltage hysteresis 3) Input leakage current Weak pull-up equivalent resistor 4) I/O input pin capacitance I/O output pin capacitance Output high to low level fall time 5) External interrupt pulse time 6) C L=50pF Output low to high level rise time 5) Between 10% and 90% V DD=5V V SSV INVDD (no pull-up configured) V IN=VSS VDD=5V VDD=3.3V V DD=3.3V
200 200
400 400 0.1 1 350 700 10 10
A k pF pF ns tCPU
40 80
110 230 5 5 30 35
1
Figure 61. Typical RPU vs. VDD with VIN = VSS
Rpu [Khom] 350 Ta=-40C 300 250 200 150 100 50 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, typical data are based on TA=25C and VDD=5V. 2. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 3. Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization results, not tested. 4. The R PU pull-up equivalent resistor is based on a resistive transistor. This data is based on characterization results, not tested in production. 5. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 6. To generate an external interrupt, a minimum pulse width has to be applied on an I/O port pin configured as an external interrupt source.
Figure 62. Two typical Applications with unused I/O Pin
VDD 10k
ST62XX
10k UNUSED I/O PORT UNUSED I/O PORT
ST62XX
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I/O PORT PIN CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.8.2 Output Driving Current Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Condition s IIO=+10A, TA125C IIO=+3mA, TA 125C IIO=+5mA, TA 85C IIO=+10mA, TA85C V DD=5V VOL 1) Output low level voltage for a high sink I/O pin (see Figure 64 and Figure 67) IIO=+10A, TA125C IIO=+7mA, TA 125C IIO=+10mA, TA85C IIO=+15mA, TA125C IIO=+20mA, TA85C IIO=+30mA, TA85C VOH 2) Output high level voltage for an I/O pin (see Figure 65 and Figure 68) IIO=-10A, TA125C IIO=-3mA, TA 125C IIO=-5mA, TA 85C VDD-0.1 VDD-1.5 VDD-1.5 Min Max 0.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3 2 V Unit
Output low level voltage for a standard I/O pin (see Figure 63 and Figure 66)
Notes: 1. The IIO current sunk must always respect the absolute maximum rating specified in Section 11.2.2 and the sum of IIO (I/O ports and control pins) must not exceed IVSS. 2. The IIO current source must always respect the absolute maximum rating specified in Section 11.2.2 and the sum of I IO (I/O ports and control pins) must not exceed IVDD. True open drain I/O pins does not have VOH .
Figure 63. Typical VOL at VDD = 5V (standard)
Vol [mV] at Vdd=5V 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 2 4 Iio [mA] 6 8 10 Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=95C
Figure 64. Typical VOL at VDD = 5V (high-sink)
Vol [V] at Vdd=5V 1 Ta=-40C 0.8 Ta=25C 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 4 8 Iio [mA] 12 16 20 Ta=95C Ta=125C
Ta=125C
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I/O PORT PIN CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 65. Typical VOH at VDD = 5V
Voh [V] at Vdd=5V 5
4.5 Ta=-40C Ta=25C 3.5 -8 -6 -4 Iio [mA] -2 0 Ta=95C Ta=125C
4
Figure 66. Typical VOL vs VDD (standard I/Os)
Vol [mV] at Iio=2mA 350 Ta=25C 300 250 200 150 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=125C Ta=-40C Ta=95C Vol [mV] at Iio=5mA 700 Ta=25C 600 500 400 300 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=125C Ta=-40C Ta=95C
Figure 67. Typical VOL vs VDD (high-sink I/Os)
Vol [V] at Iio=8mA 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C Vol [V] at Iio=20mA 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
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I/O PORT PIN CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 68. Typical VOH vs VDD
Voh [V] at Iio=-2mA 6 5 4 Ta=-40C 3 2 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C 3 2 1 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C Voh [V] at Iio=-5mA 6 5 4
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11.9 CONTROL PIN CHARACTERISTICS 11.9.1 Asynchronous RESET Pin Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified.
Symbol VIL V IH Vhys RON R ESD Parameter Input low level voltage
2)
Condit ions
Min 0.7xVDD 200
Typ 1)
Max 0.3xV DD
Unit V mV
Input high level voltage 2) Schmitt trigger voltage hysteresis 3) Weak pull-up equivalent resistor 4) ESD resistor protection V IN=VSS V IN=VSS VDD=5V VDD=3.3V VDD=5V VDD=3.3V
400 350 730 2.8 900 1900
150 300
k k tCPU s s ns
tw(RSTL)out Generated reset pulse duration th(RSTL)in External reset pulse hold time 5) tg(RSTL)in Filtered glitch duration 6)
External pin or internal reset sources
Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, typical data are based on TA=25C and VDD=5V. 2. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 3. Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization results, not tested. 4. The R ON pull-up equivalent resistor is based on a resistive transistor. This data is based on characterization results, not tested in production. 5. All short pulse applied on RESET pin with a duration below th(RSTL)in can be ignored. 6. The reset network protects the device against parasitic resets, especially in a noisy environment. 7. The output of the external reset circuit must have an open-drain output to drive the ST6 reset pad. Otherwise the device can be damaged when the ST6 generates an internal reset (LVD or watchdog).
Figure 69. Typical RON vs VDD with VIN=VSS
Ron [Kohm] 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 3 4 VDD [V] Ta=-40C Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
5
6
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CONTROL PIN CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) Figure 70. Typical Application with RESET pin 8)
AL
0.1F EXTE RNAL RESET CIRCUIT 7) 0.1F
4.7k
RESET
RESD 1)
RPU
STOP MODE
COUNTER
VDD
f INT
WATCH DOG RESE T LVD RESE T
11.9.2 NMI Pin Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified.
Symbol VIL V IH Vhys R pull-up Parameter Input low level voltage
2)
Condit ions
Min 0.7xVDD 200
Typ 1)
2048 external clock cycles
O PT IO
VDD
VDD
INTE RNAL RE SET
N
Max 0.3xV DD
Unit V mV
Input high level voltage 2) Schmitt trigger voltage hysteresis 3) Weak pull-up equivalent resistor 4) V IN=VSS VDD=5V VDD=3.3V
400 100 200 350 700
40 80
k
Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, typical data are based on TA=25C and VDD=5V. 2. Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 3. Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization results, not tested. 4. The R pull-up equivalent resistor is based on a resistive transistor. This data is based on characterization results, not tested in production.
Figure 71. Typical Rpull-up vs. VDD with VIN=VSS
Rpull-up [Kohm] 300 Ta=-40C 250 200 150 100 50 3 4 VDD [V] 5 6 Ta=25C Ta=95C Ta=125C
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CONTROL PIN CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) 11.10 TIMER PERIPHERAL CHARACTERISTICS Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified. 11.10.1 Watchdog Timer
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min 3,072 tw(WDG) Watchdog time-out duration fCPU =4MHz fCPU =8MHz 0.768 0.384 Typ Max 196,608 49.152 24.576 Unit tINT ms ms
Refer to I/O port characteristics for more details on the input/output alternate function characteristics (TIMER).
11.10.2 8-Bit Timer
Symbol fEXT tw Parameter Timer external clock frequency Pulse width at TIMER pin VDD>4.5V VDD=3V Condit ions Min 0 125 1 Typ Max fINT/4 Unit MHz ns s
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11.11 8-BIT ADC CHARACTERISTICS Subject to general operating conditions for VDD, fOSC, and TA unless otherwise specified.
Symbol fOSC VAIN RAIN tADC tSTAB ADI AC IN Parameter Clock frequency Conversion range voltage External input resistor Total convertion time Stabilization time 4) Analog input current during conversion Analog input capacitance 2 fOSC=8MHz fOSC=4MHz fOSC=8MHz 70 140 2 3.25 4 6.5 1.0 5
2)
Conditions
Min 1.2 VSS
Typ 1)
Max fOSC VDD 10
3)
Unit MHz V k s tCPU s A pF
Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, typical data are based on TA=25C and VDD=5V. 2. The ADC refers to VDD and VSS. 3. Any added external serial resistor will downgrade the ADC accuracy (especially for resistance greater than 10k). Data based on characterization results, not tested in production. 4. As a stabilization time for the AD converter is required, the first conversion after the enable can be wrong.
Figure 72. Typical Application with ADC
RAIN VAIN
AINx
r150 ADC 10pF 10M
ST62XX
Note: ADC not present on some devices. See device summary on page 1.
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8-BIT ADC CHARACTERISTICS (Cont'd) ADC Accuracy
Symbol |E T| EO EG |ED| |EL| Parameter Total unadjusted error 1) Offset error 1) Gain Error
1)
Conditions
Min
Typ. 1.2
Max 2, fosc>1.2MHz 4, fosc>32KHz
Unit
VDD=5V 2) fOSC=8MHz
1)
0.72 -0.31 0.54 LSB
Differential linearity error 1) Integral linearity error
Notes: 1. Negative injection disturbs the analog performance of the device. In particular, it induces leakage currents throughout the device including the analog inputs. To avoid undesirable effects on the analog functions, care must be taken: - Analog input pins must have a negative injection less than 1mA (assuming that the impedance of the analog voltage is lower than the specified limits). - Pure digital pins must have a negative injection less than 1mA. In addition, it is recommended to inject the current as far as possible from the analog input pins. 2. Data based on characterization results over the whole temperature range, monitored in production.
Figure 73. ADC Accuracy Characteristics
Digital Result ADCDR 255 254 253 1LS B I DE AL V -V DDA S SA = ---------------------------------------256 (2) ET 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VSSA 1 2 3 4 1 LSBIDEAL Vin (LSBIDEAL) 5 6 7 253 254 255 256 VDDA EO EL ED (3) (1) EG
(1) Example of an actual transfer curve (2) The ideal transfer curve (3) End point correlation line
ET =Total Unadjusted Error: maximum deviation between the actual and the ideal transfer curves. EO=Offset Error: deviation between the first actual transition and the first ideal one. EG=Gain Error: deviation between the last ideal transition and the last actual one. ED=Differential Linearity Error: maximum deviation between actual steps and the ideal one. EL =Integral Linearity Error: maximum deviation between any actual transition and the end point correlation line.
Note: ADC not present on some devices. See device summary on page 1.
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12 GENERAL INFORMATION
12.1 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA Figure 74. 20-Pin Plastic Dual In-Line Package, 300-mil Width
Dim. A A1 A2 b b2 c D e E1 L PDIP20 N
mm Min 0.38 2.92 0.36 1.14 0.20 24.89 2.54 6.10 2.92 6.35 3.30 3.30 0.46 1.52 0.25 Typ Max 5.33 0.015 Min
inches Typ Max 0.210
4.95 0.115 0.130 0.195 0.56 0.014 0.018 0.022 1.78 0.045 0.060 0.070 0.36 0.008 0.010 0.014 26.92 0.980 0.100 7.11 0.240 0.250 0.280 3.81 0.115 0.130 0.150 20 1.060
Number of Pins
Figure 75. 20-Pin Ceramic Side-Brazed Dual In-Line Package
mm Min 0.38 Typ Max 3.63 0.015 Min inches Typ Max 0.143
Dim. A A1 B B1 C D D1 E1 e G G1 G2 L S O CDIP20W N
3.56 0.46 0.56 0.140 0.018 0.022 1.14 12.70 1.78 0.045 0.500 0.070 0.20 0.25 0.36 0.008 0.010 0.014 24.89 25.40 25.91 0.980 1.000 1.020 22.86 2.54 0.900 0.100 6.99 7.49 8.00 0.275 0.295 0.315 6.35 6.60 6.86 0.250 0.260 0.270 9.47 9.73 9.98 0.373 0.383 0.393 1.14 12.70 4.22 20 0.045 0.500 0.166 2.92 3.30 3.81 0.115 0.130 0.150
Number of Pins
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PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA (Cont'd) Figure 76. 20-Pin Plastic Small Outline Package, 300-mil Width
mm Min 2.35 0.10 0.33 4.98 7.40 1.27 10.01 0.25 0 0.41 10.64 0.394 0.74 8 1.27 0.10 Number of Pins N 20 0.010 0 0.016 0.32 13.00 0.1961 7.60 0.2914 0.050 0.419 0.029 8 0.050 0.004 Typ Max Min 0.0040 0.51 0.0130 0.0200 0.0125 0.5118 0.2992 2.65 0.0926 inches Typ Max 0.1043
Dim. A A1 B C D E e H h K L G SO20
Figure 1. 20-Pin Plastic Shrink Small Outline Package
mm Min 1.73 0.05 0.25 0.09 7.07 7.65 5.20 Typ Max Min 0.068 0.002 0.010 0.004 0.278 0.301 0.205 0.283 0.307 0.209 0.026 0.003 8 0 0.025 20 4 0.030 8 0.037 1.86 1.99 0.13 0.21 0.38 0.20 7.20 7.33 7.80 7.90 5.30 5.38 0.65 0.08 0 0.63 4 0.75 0.95 inches Typ 0.073 0.005 Max 0.078 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.289 0.311 0.212
Dim. A A1 B C D E E1 e G K L SSOP20 N
Number of Pins
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12.2 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol Ratings Package thermal resistance (junction to ambient) DIP20 SO20 SSOP20 Power dissipation 1) Maximum junction temperature 2) Value 60 80 115 500 150 Unit C/W
RthJA PD TJmax
mW C
Notes: 1. The power dissipation is obtained from the formula PD = PINT + PPORT where PINT is the chip internal power (IDDxVDD) and PPORT is the port power dissipation determined by the user. 2. The average chip-junction temperature can be obtained from the formula TJ = T A + PD x RthJA.
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12.3 SOLDERING AND GLUEABILITY INFORMATION Recommended soldering information given only as design guidelines in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Recommended glue for SMD plastic packages: s Heraeus: PD945, PD955 s Loctite: 3615, 3298
Figure 2. Recommended Wave Soldering Profile (with 37% Sn and 63% Pb)
250 200 150 Temp. [C] 100 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 PREHEATING PHASE Time [sec] 80C 5 sec SOLDERING PHASE COOLING PHASE (ROOM TEMPERATURE)
Figure 3. Recommended Reflow Soldering Oven Profile (MID JEDEC)
250 200 150 Temp. [C] 100 50 0 100 200 300 400
ramp up 2C/sec for 50sec ramp down natural 2C/sec max 90 sec at 125C 150 sec above 183C Tmax=220+/-5C for 25 sec
Time [sec]
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12.4 PACKAGE/SOCKET FOOTPRINT PROPOSAL Table 23. Suggested List of DIP20 Socket Types
Package / Probe DIP20 TEXTOOL Adaptor / Socket Reference 220-33-42 Same Footp rint X Socket Type Textool
Table 24. Suggested List of SO20 Socket Types
Package / Probe SO20 EMU PROBE Programming Adapter ENPLAS YAMAICHI Adaptor / Socket Reference OTS-20-1.27-04 IC51-0202-714 X X Same Footp rint Socket Type Open Top Clamshell SMD to DIP Open Top
Adapter from SO20 to DIP20 footprint (delivered with emulator) Logical Systems PA20SO1-08H-6
Table 25. Suggested List of SSOP20 Socket Types
Package / Probe SSOP20 Programming Adapter ENPLAS Logical Systems Adaptor / Socket Reference OTS-20-0.65-01 PA20SS-OT-6 Same Footp rint X X Socket Type Open Top Open Top
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12.5 ORDERING INFORMATION The following section deals with the procedure for transfer of customer codes to STMicroelectronics Figure 4. ST6 Factory Coded Device Types and also details the ST6 factory coded device type.
ST62T20CB6/CCC
ROM code Temperature code: 1: Standard 0 to +70 C 3: Automotive -40 to +125 C 6: Industrial -40 to +85 C Package type: B: Plastic DIP D: Ceramic DIP M: Plastic SOP N: Plastic SSOP T: Plastic TQFP Revision index: B,C: Product Definition change L: Low Voltage Device ST6 Sub family Version Code: No char: ROM E: EPROM P: FASTROM T: OTP
Family
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12.6 TRANSFER OF CUSTOMER CODE Customer code is made up of the ROM contents and the list of the selected FASTROM options. The ROM contents are to be sent on diskette, or by electronic means, with the hexadecimal file generated by the development tool. All unused bytes must be set to FFh. The selected options are communicated to STMicroelectronics using the correctly filled OPTION LIST appended. The STMicroelectronics Sales Organization will be pleased to provide detailed information on contractual points. Listing Generation and Verification. When STMicroelectronics receives the user's ROM contents, a computer listing is generated from it. This listing refers exactly to the ROM contents and options which will be used to produce the specified MCU. The listing is then returned to the customer who must thoroughly check, complete, sign and return it to STMicroelectronics. The signed listing forms a part of the contractual agreement for the production of the specific customer MCU. 12.6.1 FASTROM version The ST62P08C/P09C/P10C and P20C are the Factory Advanced Service Technique ROM (FASTROM) versions of ST62T08C, T09C, T10C and T20C OTP devices. They offer the same functionality as OTP devices, but they do not have to be programmed by the customer. The customer code must be sent to STMicroelectronics in the same way as for ROM devices. The FASTROM option list has the same options as defined in the programmable option byte of the OTP version.
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TRANSFER OF CUSTOMER CODE (Cont'd) ST62P08C/P09C/P10C/P20C MICROCONTROLLER OPTION LIST Customer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Address: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Contact: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Phone: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Reference: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STMicroelectronics references: Device: [ ] ST62P08C (1KB) [ ] ST62P09C (1KB) [ ] ST62P10C (2KB) [ ] ST62P20C (4KB) Package: [ ] Dual in Line Plastic [ ] Small Outline Plastic with conditioning [ ] Shrink Small Outline Plastic with conditioning [ ] Standard (Tube) [ ] Tape & Reel [ ] 0C to + 70C [ ] - 40C to + 125C [ ] Enabled [ ] Enabled [ ] Enabled [ ] Quartz crystal / Ceramic [ ] RC network [ ] Enabled [ ] Enabled [ ] Software Activation [ ] Hardware Activation [ ] Enabled [ ] - 40C to + 85C
Conditioning option:
Temperature Range:
External STOP Mode Control: Low Voltage Detector: Readout Protection: Oscillator Selection: NMI pin pull-up: TIMER pin pull-up: Watchdog Selection: Oscillator Safeguard:
[ ] Disabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Disabled resonator [ ] Disabled [ ] Disabled
[ ] Disabled
Comments: Supply Operating Range in the application: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Date: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Signature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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TRANSFER OF CUSTOMER CODE (Cont'd) 12.6.2 ROM VERSION The ST6208C, 09C, 10C and 20C are mask programmed ROM version of ST62T08C, T09C, T10C and T20C OTP devices. They offer the same functionality as OTP devices, selecting as ROM options the options defined in the programmable option byte of the OTP version. Figure 5. Programming Circuit
ROM Readout Protection. If the ROM READOUT PROTECTION option is selected, a protection fuse can be blown to prevent any access to the program memory content. In case the user wants to blow this fuse, high voltage must be applied on the TEST pin. Figure 6. Programming wave form
TEST 5V 4.7F 15 14V typ 10 5 VDD VSS TEST PROTECT TEST 100nF ZPD15 15V 4mA typ 14V 400mA max
0.5s min
100nF
150 s typ
t VR02003 VR02001
Note: ZPD15 is used for overvoltage protection
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TRANSFER OF CUSTOMER CODE (Cont'd) ST6208C, 09C, 10C and 20C MICROCONTROLLER OPTION LIST Customer: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Address: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Contact: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Phone: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Reference: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STMicroelectronics references: Device: [ ] ST6208C (1KB) [ ] ST6209C (1KB) [ ] ST6210C (2KB) [ ] ST6220C (4KB) Package: [ ] Dual in Line Plastic [ ] Small Outline Plastic with conditioning [ ] Shrink Small Outline Plastic with conditioning Conditioning option: [ ] Standard (Tube) [ ] Tape & Reel Temperature Range: [ ] 0C to + 70C [ ] - 40C to + 125C [ ] - 40C to + 85C
Special Marking: [ ]No [ ]Yes "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " Authorized characters are letters, digits, '.', '-', '/' and spaces only. Maximum character count: PDIP20: 10 SO20: 8 SSOP20: 10 External STOP Mode Control: Low Voltage Detector: Readout Protection: [ ] Enabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Enabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Enabled (Fuse is blown by STMicroelectronics) [ ] Enabled (Fuse can be blown by the customer) [ ] Quartz crystal / Ceramic resonator [ ] RC network [ ] Enabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Enabled [ ] Disabled [ ] Software Activation [ ] Hardware Activation [ ] Enabled [ ] Disabled
Oscillator Selection: NMI pin pull-up: TIMER pin pull-up: Watchdog Selection: Oscillator Safeguard:
Comments: Supply Operating Range in the application: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Date: . . ... ... . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. ... . .. .... Signature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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13 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
STMicroelectronics offers a range of hardware and software development tools for the ST6 microcontroller family. Full details of tools available for the ST6 from third party manufacturers can be obtain from the STMicroelectronics Internet site: http://mcu.st.com. Third Party Tools s RAISONANCE s ACTUM ADVANCED EQUIPMENT CORP. ADVANCED TRANSDATA CORP. s BP s CEIBO s SOFTEC s DATA I/O Tools from these manufacturers include C compilers, emulators and gang programmers.
s s
Table 26. Dedicated Third Parties Development Tools
Third Party ACTUM CEIBO Designation ST-REALIZER II: Graphical Schematic based Development available from ST Sales Type STREALIZER-II Web site address
http://www.actum.com/ http://www.ceibo.com/
STMicroelectronics.
Low cost emulator available from CEIBO. This tool includes in the same environment: an assembler, linker, C compiler, debugger and simulator. The assembler package (plus limited C compiler) is free and can be ST6RAIS-SWC/PC http://www.raisonance.com/ downloaded from raisonance web site. The full version is available both from STMicroelectronics and Raisonance. High end emulator available from SOFTEC.
http://www.softecmicro.com/
RAISONANCE
SOFTEC
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DEVELOPMENT TOOLS (Cont'd) STMicroelectronics Tools Four types of development tool are offered by ST, all of them connect to a PC via a parallel or serial port: see Table 27 and Table 28 for more details. Table 27. STMicroelectronics Tool Features
Emulation Type ST6 Starter Kit Programming Capabili ty Software Included MCU CD ROM with: - Rkit-ST6 from Raisonance - ST6 Assembly toolchain - WGDB6 powerful Source Level Debugger for Win 3.1, Win 95 and NT - Various software demo versions. - Windows Programming Tools for Win 3.1, Win 95 and NT Device simulation (limited emulation as interrupts are Yes (DIP packages only) not supported) In-circuit powerful emulation features including trace/ logic analyzer No No No Yes Yes
ST6 HDS2 Emulator ST6 EPROM Programmer Board ST6 Gang Programmer
Table 28. Dedicated STMicroelectronics Development Tools
Supported Products ST6 Starter Kit ST6 HDS2 Emulator Complete: ST626X-EMU2 ST62GP-EMU2 Dedication board: ST626X-DBE ST62GP-DBE ST6 Programming Board ST6 Gang Programmer
ST6208C, ST6209C, ST6210C and ST6220C
ST622XC-KIT
ST62E2XC-EPB
Complete: ST62E10-GP/DIP or /SO Adaptor: ST62E10-GPA/DIP or /SO
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14 ST6 APPLICATION NOTES
IDENTIFICATION MOTOR CONTROL AN392 AN414 AN416 AN422 AN863 AN417 AN433 AN859 FUZZY LOGI C AN419 AN595 AN597 AN598 AN675 HOME APPLIANCE AN674 AN885 AN676 AN677 AN839 AN840 AN841 AN842 COST REDUCTION AN431 AN594 AN672 AN673 AN420 AN432 AN434 AN435 AN669 AN670 AN671 AN911 AN975 AN1015 USING ST6 ANALOG INPUTS FOR MULTIPLE KEY DECODING DIRECT SOFTWARE LCD DRIVE WITH ST621X AND ST626X OPTIMIZING THE ST6 A/D CONVERTER ACCURACY REDUCING CURRENT CONSUMPTION AT 32KHZ WITH ST62 EXPANDING A/D RESOLUTION OF THE ST6 A/D CONVERTER USING ST62XX I/O PORTS SAFELY MOVEMENT DETECTOR CONCEPTS FOR NOISY ENVIRONMENTS DESIGNING WITH MICROCONTROLLERS IN NOISY ENVIRONMENTS SIMPLE RESET CIRCUITS FOR THE ST6 OSCILLATOR SELECTION FOR ST62 PREVENTION OF DATA CORRUPTION IN ST6 ON-CHIP EEPROM ST6 MICRO IS EMC CHAMPION UPGRADING FROM ST625X/6XB TO ST625X/6XC SOFTW ARE TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING ST6 EMC PERFORMANCE MICROCONTROLLERS IN HOME APPLIANCES: A SOFT REVOLUTION ST62 MICROCONTROLLERS DRIVE HOME APPLIANCE MOTOR TECHNOLOGY BATTERY CHARGER USING THE ST6-REALIZER PAINLESS MICROCONTROLLER CODE BY GRAPHICAL APPLICATION DESCRIPTION ANALOG MULTIPLE KEY DECODING USING THE ST6-REALIZER CODED LOCK USING THE ST6-REALIZER A CLOCK DESIGN USING THE ST6-REALIZER 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY DRIVE USING THE ST6-REALIZER AN APPROACH TO MOTOR CONTROL WITH FUZZY LOGIC FUZZY VACUUM CLEANER USING ST6220 AND FUZZYTECHTM ST6 EXPLORER TEMPERATURE CONTROL USING FUZZY LOGIC CASCADING FUZZY MODULES WITH ST6 FUZZYTECH A RAPID CHARGER FOR BATTERIES WITH FUZZY LOGIC MICROCONTROLLER AND TRIACS ON THE 110/240V MAINS CONTROLLING A BRUSH DC MOTOR WITH AN ST6265 MCU SENSORLESS MOTOR DRIVE WITH THE ST62 MCU + TRIAC IMPROVES UNIVERSAL MOTOR DRIVE IMPROVED SENSORLESS CONTROL WITH THE ST62 MCU FOR UNIVERSAL MOTOR FROM NICD TO NIMH FAST BATTERY CHARGING ULTRA FAST BATTERY CHARGER USING ST6210 MICROCONTROLLER AN INTELLIGENT ONE HOUR MULTICHARGER FOR Li-Ion, NiMH and NiCd BATTERIES DESCRIPTION
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
GRAPHICAL DESIGN
DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS
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IDENTIFICATION PERIPHERAL OPERATIONS AN590 AN591 AN592 AN593 AN678 AN913 AN914 AN1016 AN1050 AN1127 GENERAL AN683 AN886 AN887 AN898 AN899 AN900 AN901 AN902 AN912 AN1181
DESCRIPTION PWM GENERATION WITH ST62 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER INPUT CAPTURE WITH ST62 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER PLL GENERATION USING THE ST62 AUTO-RELOAD TIMER ST62 IN-CIRCUIT PROGRAMMING LCD DRIVING WITH ST6240 PWM GENERATION WITH ST62 16-BIT AUTO-RELOAD TIMER USING ST626X SPI AS UART ST6 USING THE ST623XB/ST628XB UART ST6 INPUT CAPTURE WITH ST62 16-BIT AUTO-RELOAD TIMER USING THE ST62T6XC/5XC SPI IN MASTER MODE MCUS - 8/16-BIT MICROCONTROLLERS (MCUS) APPLICATION NOTES ABSTRACTS BY TOPICS SELECTING BETWEEN ROM AND OTP FOR A MICROCONTROLLER MAKING IT EASY WITH MICROCONTROLLERS EMC GENERAL INFORMATION SOLDERING RECOMMENDATIONS AND PACKAGING INFORMATION INTRODUCTION TO SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY EMC GUIDE-LINES FOR MICROCONTROLLER - BASED APPLICATIONS QUALITY AND RELIABILITY INFORMATION A SIMPLE GUIDE TO DEVELOPMENT TOOLS ELECTROSTATIC DISHARGE SENSITIVI TY MEASUREMENT
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15 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Description of the changes between the current release of the specification and the previous one.
Revision Main changes Complementary information added to the functional description throughout the document in the form of explanatory application notes. 3.0 Added graphic presentation to the parametric data. Footnotes added to the tables for clarification of the parametric information. Renamed the following registers: - DWR to DRWR - PSC to PSCR - DWDR to WDGR June 2000 Date
16 TO GET MORE INFORMATION
To get the latest information on this product please use the STMicroelectronics web server. http://mcu.st.com/
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Notes:
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics (c)2000 STMicroelectronics - All Rights Reserved. Purchase of I2 C Components by STMicroelectronics conveys a license under the Philips I2C Patent. Rights to use these components in an I2C system is granted provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips. STMicroelectronics Group of Companies Australia - Brazil - China - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - U.S.A. http:// www.st.com
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